動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的三個(gè)要點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)一：考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)的用法

【考題實(shí)例】The wife said to his husband, “Buying such a white elephant is simply _______ (waste) money.”

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為wasting。在通常情況下，如果主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，則其表語(yǔ)通常也用-ing形式。又如：

Doing that was playing with fire. 這樣做是玩火。

Talking to you is talking to the wall. 和你談是對(duì)牛彈琴。

Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts. 否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)就是睜眼不看事實(shí)。

【知識(shí)拓展】動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)明顯特點(diǎn)：一是表示等價(jià)內(nèi)容，即表示表語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)“等價(jià)”，用以具體說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的動(dòng)名詞；二是表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征等，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，但這樣的-ing形式通常已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。如：

My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照看這些孩子。(動(dòng)名詞looking after…作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)my job的具體內(nèi)容)

The work is difficult, but it is interesting. 這件工作雖然很難，但很有趣。(現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的形容詞interesting作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)the work的特征)

考點(diǎn)二：考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的用法

【考題實(shí)例】He arrived home just in time to see his brother _______ (take) away by the police.

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為being taken。根據(jù)句子前半部分的He arrived home just in time to see（他到家時(shí)正好看到）可知，空格處所填動(dòng)詞是指一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的瞬間，故宜用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，再根據(jù)句末的 by the police（被警察）以及his brother與take之間的關(guān)系，可知此處的動(dòng)詞-ing形式應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，句意為：他到家時(shí)正好看到他的兄弟被警察帶走。又如：

He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到這里來(lái)看輪船裝貨卸貨。

I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒過(guò)來(lái)，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)臥室的門(mén)慢慢地被推開(kāi)。

【知識(shí)拓展】與動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)類(lèi)似，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)也有兩個(gè)明顯特點(diǎn)：一是表示等價(jià)內(nèi)容，即表示賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)“等價(jià)”，用以具體說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的動(dòng)名詞；二是表示賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作等，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式就是傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，這樣的-ing形式若表示賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，則通常可視為形容詞來(lái)理解，若表示賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，則不能視為形容詞。如：

I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。（賓補(bǔ)robbing Peter to pay Paul為傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的動(dòng)名詞，用以說(shuō)明 this 的具體內(nèi)容）

No one thought the film interesting. 沒(méi)人認(rèn)為這部電影很有趣。（賓補(bǔ)interesting為傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，其實(shí)已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，它在此用以說(shuō)明 film 的性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)）

The police observed the man entering the bank. 警方監(jiān)視著那男子進(jìn)入銀行的情況。（賓補(bǔ)entering the bank為傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的現(xiàn)在分詞，用以說(shuō)明 them man 當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）

考點(diǎn)三：考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與-ed形式的區(qū)別

【考題實(shí)例】Please stop making that noise—it’s getting ________ (annoy).

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為annoying，不能填annoyed。本考點(diǎn)主要涉及動(dòng)詞-ing形式與-ed形式的用法區(qū)別。又如：

It was half seven; her mother would be annoyed because he was so late. 7點(diǎn)半了，他到得這么晚，她母親一定會(huì)生氣的。

It’s really annoying when a train is late and there’s no explanation. 火車(chē)誤點(diǎn)而又不作任何解釋?zhuān)�這很令人惱火。

【知識(shí)拓展】有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為：-ed形容詞只用于修飾人，-ing形容詞只用于修飾事物，其實(shí)不一定。正確的理解是：-ed形容詞指人的感覺(jué)，表示人感到如何；而-ing形容詞則指事物給人的感覺(jué)，表示令人感到如何。比較：

The man was very much frightened. 這個(gè)人非常害怕。

The man was very much frightening. 這個(gè)人非�？膳�。

Her son was very disappointed. 她的兒子非常失望。

Her son was very disappointing. 她的兒子非常令人失望。

-ed形容詞除用于說(shuō)明人的感覺(jué)外，有也用于修飾voice, look, expression, appearance, manner, smile等，用以表示該名詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的感覺(jué)。如：

He gave her an astonished look. 他驚異地望了她一眼。

Mr. Knight gave a satisfied smile. 奈特先生露出滿意的微笑。

His face wore a puzzled expression. 他臉上有一種困惑的表情。

She had a worried look on her face. 她臉上有一種憂慮的表情。

【即學(xué)即練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空限填一詞：

1. Can we call this _______ (serve) mankind?

2. The real problem is _______ (get) to know the needs of the customers.

3. Her suggestion was _______ (have) our conversation in French.

4. My teacher is both gentle and _______ (encourage) towards me.

5. I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so _______ (embarrass).

6. You must find it _______ (excite) working here.

7. She smelt something _______ (burn) and saw smoke rising.

8. He often came to watch the boats _______ _______ (load) and unloaded.

9. I woke up to hear the bedroom door _______ _______ (open) slowly.

10. If she catches you _______ (read) her diary, she’ll be furious.

參考答案：1. serving  2. getting  3. having  4. encouraging  5. embarrassing  6. exciting  7. burning  8. being loaded  9. being opened  10. reading