動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語和狀語的高頻錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語的常見錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1. 混淆動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和-ed形式

【典型考題】While there are_______ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. (2014新課標(biāo)卷I)

【考點(diǎn)分析】本題答案為amazing。由所填之詞是用于修飾名詞stories的，表示“故事”給人的感覺，故用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。又如：

Her children show amazing responsibility for their ages. 她的孩子們顯示出與其年齡不符的驚人的責(zé)任感。

【知識(shí)拓展】動(dòng)詞-ing形式和-ed形式均可用于名詞前作定語，但有區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示事物給人的某種感覺，其意是指令人感到如何；動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示人對(duì)事物感覺，其意是指人感到如何。值得說明的是，動(dòng)詞的-ed形式除用于說明人的感覺外，有也用于修飾voice, look, expression, appearance, manner, smile, belief, disbelief等，用以表示該名詞邏輯主語的感覺。如：

She had a pleased look on her face. 她臉上有高興的神情。

She shook her head in amazed disbelief. 她搖了搖頭，感到驚愕與不信。

2. 錯(cuò)用不定式形式作前置定語

【典型考題】Uncertainty about the _______ (come) Presidential election depressed the stock market. 

【考點(diǎn)分析】本題答案為coming。雖然此處是表示“即將到來的總統(tǒng)競選”，但不能用不定式形式，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ讲荒苡米髑爸枚ㄕZ。本句意思是：對(duì)即將到來的總統(tǒng)競選難以預(yù)料使得股市不景氣。又如：

We have high hopes for the coming year. 我們對(duì)即將到來的一年寄以厚望。

Everyone rightly feared the coming war. 人人都擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)爭即將爆發(fā)，這是理所當(dāng)然的。

【知識(shí)拓展】雖然不定式通常可以表示即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但主要限于作后置定語、狀語等成分，而絕不能置于名詞前作定語。比較：

I hope in coming years he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未來的幾年里他會(huì)反省自己的決定。

I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未來的幾年里他會(huì)反省自己的決定。

錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語的常見錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1. 錯(cuò)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作目的狀語

【典型考題】_______ (keep) themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 為了不至于睡著，他們坐在地板上輪流著講故事。

【考點(diǎn)分析】本題答案為 To keep。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用作非謂語形式作目的狀語時(shí)，通常要用不定式，而不用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。又如：

To hide my fright I asked a question. 為了掩飾自己的恐懼，我問了個(gè)問題。

To avoid confusion, label each box clearly. 為了避免混亂，給每一個(gè)盒子貼上清楚的標(biāo)簽。

【知識(shí)拓展】在通常情況下，用非謂語動(dòng)詞表目的時(shí)，要用不定式，但有一個(gè)例外，就是當(dāng)動(dòng)詞go后接climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking, hunting, rambling, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, water-skiing等動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí)，也屬于表目的的用法，比較go fishing中的fishing可視為go的目的。如：

We might go camping this summer. 今年夏天我們可能去野營。

He likes to go climbing at weekends. 他喜歡在周末做登山運(yùn)動(dòng)。

They liked to go dancing every Saturday night. 他們喜歡每周六晚上去跳舞。

2. 混淆用作結(jié)果狀語的-ing形式與不定式

【典型考題】After driving all night we got to Amy’s place, only _______ (discover) that she was away. 開了一整夜車到達(dá)埃米的住處，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在。

【考點(diǎn)分析】答案為to discover。“only+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”和“only+動(dòng)詞不定式”都可以用來表示結(jié)果。但有區(qū)別：后接現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示一種自然的合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，而后接不定式往往表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結(jié)果。比較：

He went out of the room with few clothes on, only feeling rather cold. 他出去時(shí)衣穿得很少，漸漸地感到有些冷了。

I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店卻發(fā)現(xiàn)錢全放在家里。

■即時(shí)訓(xùn)練

Most people want to be happy, but few know how (1)________ (find) happiness. Money and success alone do not bring (2)________ (last) happiness.

Aristotle, a Greek (3)________ (think), said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few (4)________ (suggest) to help you be happier.

The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time (5)________ (think) about the future — for example, getting into college or (6)________ (get) a good job — that we fail (7)________(enjoy) the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, (8)________ (listen) to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthy lives.

Another secret to (9)________ (live) a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time.

Finally, many people find happiness in (10)________(help) others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others.

參考答案：1. to find  2. lasting  3. thinker  4. suggestion  5. thinking  6. getting  7. to enjoy  8. listening  9. living  10. helping