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16. The roads are much quieter here than in London. 還原省略后為：

16a. The roads are much quieter here than the ones are in London.

    從句結(jié)構(gòu)為SVP，than在從句作表語。

17. Things are no better than before. 還原省略后為：

17a. Things are no better than they were before.

    從句結(jié)構(gòu)為SVP，than在從句中作表語。

18. John had a higher opinion of Mary than of Jane. 還原省略后為：

18a. John had a higher opinion of Mary than he had of Jane.

    從句結(jié)構(gòu)為SVOA，than在從句中賓語。

19. The bookcase is wider than it is tall. 從句結(jié)構(gòu)為SVP，無省略。Than=compared with the degree to which, 在從句中做程度狀語。

20. More people hope to live in the countryside than used to. 還原省略后為：

20a. More people hope to live in the countryside than used to hope so.

從句結(jié)構(gòu)為SVO。Than=compared with the number of people who, 在從句中作主語。

通過以上分析，我們可以看出，than在引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句時并不是從屬連詞，而是關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞），必須在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，即主語、賓語、表語或狀語。了解到這一點(diǎn)，就可以對幾乎所有省略了成分的than從句進(jìn)行還原，并分析其本來的從句結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)識than是關(guān)系詞而不是從屬連詞對認(rèn)識和運(yùn)用英語比較結(jié)構(gòu)有重要的意義。

    以上分析中遺漏和謬誤在所難免，敬請學(xué)者和老師們指正。（以上例句除第20句外均選自章振邦新編高級英語語法。）

完稿于北京2017/4/12

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