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3. could have done除了含有上述的意思外，還表示批評(píng)或責(zé)備

即表示過去本來有責(zé)任或義務(wù)應(yīng)該做某事的，但實(shí)際上卻沒有做成，含有批評(píng)和責(zé)備的意味，通常譯為“本來應(yīng)該”，“本來可以”等，用法同上。例如：

You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本來可以幫我一把嘛——為什么你只是坐在那兒觀望呢?

I am disappointed that you didn’t tell me. You should have told me. 你沒告訴我，我感到很失望，你本來應(yīng)該告訴我的。

4. could have done 用于虛擬語氣

在虛擬條件句中，當(dāng)談?wù)撨^去的情況時(shí)，其句型通常是：主句用“could/would/might +have+過去分詞”，if從句用過去完成時(shí)。例如：

You could have been killed if I hadn’t warned you. 我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。

If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事實(shí)，他是可能告訴我們?cè)鯓幼龅摹?/SPAN>

If you had come sooner, you could have helped us. 你如早來一點(diǎn)，就會(huì)幫上我們了。

I could have told them what happened if anybody had asked me. 如果有誰問過我，我可以告訴他們發(fā)生了什么情況。

四、should have done的用法

1. should have done表示“過去本應(yīng)做某事，但實(shí)際沒有做”，其否定式shouldn’t have done表示“過去不該做某事，但實(shí)際卻做了”。

這種句式含有不滿或責(zé)備之意，通常可譯為“本來應(yīng)該”；其否定式意為“本來不該”。ought to可以跟should換用，但語氣比should強(qiáng)烈。例如：

    You should have finished your homework.(But you didn’t.)你本應(yīng)該完成你的作業(yè)了。（但是你卻沒有。）

You should have reported the matter to the police. 你本應(yīng)該把這件事報(bào)告警察。

I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 對(duì)不起，我想我應(yīng)該先敲一下門的。

如果是否定式，則表示本來不該發(fā)生的情況卻發(fā)生了。例如：

You shouldn't have told her the news.(But you did.)你本不應(yīng)該把這個(gè)消息告訴他。（但你卻已告訴。）

You shouldn’t have opened her letter. 你是不應(yīng)該拆她的信的。

She shouldn’t have stood in a queue. She should have got tickets from the machine. 她本來就不該去排隊(duì)，她應(yīng)該在售票機(jī)那兒買票。

該用法中的should也可換成ought to，意思不變。例如：

You should (ought to) have told us earlier. 你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)告訴我們的。

You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have parked there. 你本不該把車停在這里。

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