2. 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的主觀推測(cè)

指對(duì)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況作主觀猜測(cè)，其意為“大概已經(jīng)”，“應(yīng)該已經(jīng)”。例如：

The letter should have arrived by now. 信函現(xiàn)在該到達(dá)了。

I wonder why he should have been so angry. 我想不通他怎么會(huì)這樣生氣。

該用法中的should也可換成ought to，意思不變。例如：

The train should (ought to) have already left. 火車大概已經(jīng)開走了吧。

但是，我認(rèn)為，should表推測(cè)時(shí)僅限于使用肯定形式，不能用否定形式。否則，就不是推測(cè)。這一點(diǎn)跟must表推測(cè)的用法是一致的，must一旦使用了否定形式，就不表示推測(cè)。

You should have no problem with reading this language.讀這種語(yǔ)言你應(yīng)該沒(méi)問(wèn)題。

The doctor says it will take six weeks and I should be fine by then. 醫(yī)生說(shuō)需要6周時(shí)間，到那時(shí)我就會(huì)好了。

3. 表示驚訝

對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況表示驚訝或不理解，通常含有“竟然”的意味。例如：

It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam. 他考試竟然沒(méi)有及格，真是可惜。

I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault. 我真不明白，他怎么竟然說(shuō)這是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)。

It’s strange that he should have left without telling us. 奇怪，他竟沒(méi)有和我們說(shuō)一聲就走了。

4. 用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣

在虛擬條件句中，當(dāng)談?wù)撨^(guò)去的情況時(shí)，其句型通常是：主句用“could/would/should /might +have+過(guò)去分詞”，if從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的“should+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，僅限于使用第一人稱。例如：

If I had seen her I should have invited her. 我當(dāng)時(shí)要是看到她的話我本會(huì)邀請(qǐng)她的。

If I had received the present, I should have thanked her. 如果我收到了禮物，我是應(yīng)當(dāng)向她道謝的。

I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 如果我想到你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。

五、needn't have done的用法

needn't have done表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做某事，意為“本來(lái)不必做某事”（但實(shí)際做了）。

I needn't have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天這么好，我本沒(méi)必要帶雨傘的。

You needn't have told her again.I have told her already.你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)必要再告訴她了。我已經(jīng)告訴過(guò)她了。

I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday. 昨天我沒(méi)必要去辦公室。

“need +完成時(shí)”僅限于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，不用于肯定句。又如：

I was the first to get there. I needn’t have gone there so early. 我是第一個(gè)到那兒的人，我本來(lái)不必去那么早的。

You needn’t have mentioned it. 你沒(méi)有必要提及此事的。

You needn’t have come in person. 你當(dāng)時(shí)不必親自來(lái)的。

Need you have scolded him so severely? 你有必要這樣嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)他嗎?

Need he have paid so much? 他當(dāng)時(shí)真需付那么多錢嗎?

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