八、關(guān)系型 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法

1. 表示“…的東西或事情等”：

We’ve done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。

He saves what he earns. 他賺多少，積蓄多少。

What Mary is is the secretary. 瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書(shū)。

2. 表示“…的人或的樣子等”：

He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子。

He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人們通常所說(shuō)的叛徒。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰(shuí)把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？

3. 表示“…的數(shù)量或數(shù)目等”：

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。

The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。

4. 表示“…的時(shí)間”：

After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎過(guò)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來(lái)。

The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩嚇得不敢說(shuō)話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。

5. 表示“…的地方”：

This is what they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。

注：(1) 這樣用的what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞：

你喜歡什么就拿什么吧。

正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.

誤：You can have everything what you like.(www.hz123456.com)

(2) 有時(shí)what 可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個(gè)名詞：

I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的書(shū)都給他他。

He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身邊帶有的錢(qián)全給了我。

(3) What 后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞：

誤：I gave him what book I had.

(4) What后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)可有little修飾。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。如：

I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的時(shí)間都是與她一起度過(guò)的。

I spent what little time I had with her. 我僅有的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間都是與她一起度過(guò)的。

九、whatever, whoever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

1. whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

Whatever的意思是“所…的一切事或東西”，可視為what的強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)法，它在含義大致相當(dāng)于anything that，whatever在從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)：

Whatever he did was right. 無(wú)論他做什么都是對(duì)的。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就說(shuō)什么。

Goats eats whatever (food) they can find. 山羊找到什么(食物)就吃什么(食物)。

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind.  我想到什么就說(shuō)什么。

2. whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

Whoever的意思“任何…的人”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 anybody who。whoever在從句中可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)：

I’ll take whoever wants to go. 誰(shuí)想去我就帶誰(shuí)去。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁誰(shuí)就嫁誰(shuí)。

Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要這書(shū)都可拿去。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 違反本法者應(yīng)予以罰款。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 請(qǐng)想要這票，我就把它給誰(shuí)。

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