初級英語語法重點、考點與難點(18)

名詞性從句類知識點

1. 名詞性從句可用疑問句詞序嗎

No one knows ______ in a million years.

A. what man will look like                       B. what willl man look like

C. man will look like what                       D. what look will man like

此題應選A。容易誤選B。這里考察的主要是：名詞性從句(賓語從句)的詞序問題。名詞性從句包括賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句等四類。不管是哪一類名詞性從句, 其詞序一律用陳述句詞序, 而不能用疑問句詞序。

1. They want to know _____ do to help us.

A. what can they       B. what they can

C. how they can        D. how they can

2. They have no idea at all _____.

A. where he has gone

B. where has he gone

C. which place he has gone

D. where did he go

3. The photographs will show you _____.

A. what does our village look like

B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like

D. how our village looks like

4. Can you make sure ____ the gold ring?

A. where Alice had put

B. where had Alice put

C. where Alice has put

D. where has Alice put

答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C

2. 引導名詞從句的whether與that

______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If                        B. Whether              C. That                    D. When   

此題應選 B。容易誤選A, C。

1. 關于if與whether：兩者都可引導賓語從句, 常可換用;但若引導主語從句, 則用wheter(不用if), 排除A。又如：

他是否會來還是個問題。

誤：If he will come is a question.

正：Whether he will come is a question.

2. 關于whether和that：兩者都可引導主語從句, 其區別主要應從句意來考慮：whether表示“是否”, 由它引導的主語從句的意思通常是不確定的；that 引導主語從句時, 本身沒有詞義(that在其它名詞性從句中也沒有詞義), 但是由that引導的整個主語從句的意思通常是確定的。試比較：

1. a. That we’ll hold a meeting is decided. 我們要 召開一次會議, 這已決定了。

b. Whether we’ll hold a meeting is not decided. 我們是否要開一個會, 這還沒有決定。

2. a. That he has left here is clear. 他已離開了這 兒, 這點很清楚。

b. Whether he has left here is not clear. 他是 否已離開這兒, 這還不清楚。

3. a. That he can finish it in two hours is clear. 他能在兩小時內完成它, 這是顯然的。

b. Whether he can finish it in two hours is a question. 他能否在兩小時內完成它還是問題。

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