5. whatever與no matter what

It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ her or she wants.

A. whatever             B. no matter what    C. whenever            D. no matter when

此題應選 A。容易誤選B。選項C, D顯然是錯的, 因為句中的wants缺賓語, 而C, D兩項不能作賓語。至于C, D 的區別, 可這樣描述：no matter what只能引導狀語從句, 而不引導名詞性從句。而whatever 既可引導名詞性從句(＝anythingthat), 也可引導狀語從句(＝no matter what)：(www.hz123456.com)

1. 引導名詞性從句(只用whatever)：

無論他做什么都是對的。

正：Whatever he did was right.

誤：No matter what he did was right.

無論他說什么似乎都有道理。

正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.

誤：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.

山羊找到什么就吃什么。

正：Goats eat whatever they find.

誤：Goats eat no matter what they find.

2. 引導狀語從句(兩者可換用)：

無論你說什么, 我都不會相信你。

正：Whatever you say, I won’t believe you.

正：No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.

無論發生什么, 都要保持鎮定。

正：Keep calm, whatever happens.

正：Keep calm, no matter what happens.

6. whoever與no matter who

I will give the ticket to ______ wants it.

A. whoever              B. no matter who     C. whatever             D. no matter what

此題應選 A。容易誤選B。選項C, D都是錯的, 因為從句意上看, “想要票的”應該是“人”(whoever)而不能是“東西”(whatever)。至于為什么選 whoever 而不選no matterwho, 這要從它們在句中引導的成分說起：

no matter who通常只能引導狀語從句, 而不能引導名詞性從句。而 whoever 既可引導名詞性從句(= anyone that)也可引導狀語從句(=no matter who)：

1. 引導名詞性從句(只用whoever)：

誰想去我就帶誰去。

正：I’ll take whoever wants to go.

誤：I’ll take no matter who wants to go.

誰贏了都可以獲獎。

正：Whoever wins gets a prize.

誤：No matter who wins gets a prize.

不管這話是誰對你說的, 他都是在撒謊。

正：Whoever told you that was lying.

誤：No matter who told you that was lying.

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