3. 引導名詞性從句的what

______ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.

A. What                   B. That                    C. If                        D. Whether

此題應選 A。選項C(if)顯然不能選, 因為if通常不能引導主語從句；選項B(that)和D(whether) 雖然都可以引導主語從句, 但兩者除了意思不合題意外, 還有它們在主語從句中都不充當句子成分, 而此句中的 he said缺賓語。

在名詞性從句中, what根據(jù)情況不同, 可能有兩方面的用法和意思：

1. 用作連接代詞, 表示“什么”(由疑問詞變來)：

I don’t know what he gave her. 我不知道他給了她什么。

What he will say at the meeting is not known tous. 他在會上將說些什么, 我們還不知道。

2. 表示“……所……的(東西)”, 在結構上相當于一個名詞加一個定語從句(所以有人稱這樣用的what 為關系代詞型的what)：

把你買的東西拿給我看。

Show me what you bought.

→Show me the thing that you bought.

這是他想要的東西。

This is what he wants.

→This is the thing that he wants.

我們需要的是錢。

What we need is money.

→The thing that we need is money.

4. 如何區(qū)分引導名詞性從句的what / that

—I think ______ he needs is more practice.

—Yes. ______ he needs more practice is clear.

A. what, What         B. that, That            C. what, That           D. that, What

此題應選C。其余三項均可能被誤選。What和that 都可以引導名詞性從句, 但有區(qū)別：

1. what引導名詞從句時, 它在從句中要充當句子成分(主語、賓語等), 而that引導名詞從句時, 它在從句中不能充當句子成分。

2. what引導名詞從句時, 它有詞義(表示：什么;所……的[東西])；而that引導名詞從句時, 它沒有詞義。

請做以下試題, 注意區(qū)別what和that：

1. ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

2. —I think ____ he said is true.

—But don’t forget the fact ____he is a cheat.

A. what, what           B. that, that

C. what, that             D. that, what

3. ____ surprised us most is ____he spoke Egnlishso well.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

答案：1. C 2. C 3. C

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