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在名詞性從句中, what根據(jù)情況不同, 可能有兩方面的用法和意思：

1. 用作連接代詞, 表示“什么”(由疑問詞變來)：

I don’t know what he gave her. 我不知道他給了她什么。

What he will say at the meeting is not known tous. 他在會上將說些什么, 我們還不知道。

2. 表示“……所……的(東西)”, 在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于一個名詞加一個定語從句(所以有人稱這樣用的what 為關(guān)系代詞型的what)：

把你買的東西拿給我看。

Show me what you bought.

→Show me the thing that you bought.

這是他想要的東西。

This is what he wants.

→This is the thing that he wants.

我們需要的是錢。

What we need is money.

→The thing that we need is money.

4. 如何區(qū)分引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what / that

—I think ______ he needs is more practice.

—Yes. ______ he needs more practice is clear.

A. what, What         B. that, That            C. what, That           D. that, What

此題應(yīng)選C。其余三項(xiàng)均可能被誤選。What和that 都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, 但有區(qū)別：

1. what引導(dǎo)名詞從句時, 它在從句中要充當(dāng)句子成分(主語、賓語等), 而that引導(dǎo)名詞從句時, 它在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分。

2. what引導(dǎo)名詞從句時, 它有詞義(表示：什么;所……的[東西])；而that引導(dǎo)名詞從句時, 它沒有詞義。

請做以下試題, 注意區(qū)別what和that：

1. ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

2. —I think ____ he said is true.

—But don’t forget the fact ____he is a cheat.

A. what, what           B. that, that

C. what, that             D. that, what

3. ____ surprised us most is ____he spoke Egnlishso well.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

答案：1. C 2. C 3. C

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