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關閉窗口 涉及副詞only的三類重要考點
■湖南 陳根花
考點一 only修飾不定式表結果
only 后接不定式作狀語時，有時表示目的，有時表示結果（尤其表示讓人沒有事先想到或令人感到不快的意外結果）。如：
Not content with second place, Jeff played only to win. 杰夫不甘心得第二名，他參加比賽就是為了奪冠。（句中的only to win表目的）
He rushed to the airport only to miss his flight by two minutes. 他匆匆到了機場，不料卻晚到兩分鐘而誤了航班。（句中的only to miss…表結果）
根據近幾年的考題情況來看，高考命題者似乎只對only修飾不定式表結果感興趣，如2012年就有多道題直接考查了這一用法：
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 湯姆乘出租車去機場，卻發現他的飛機已飛上了天空。(四川卷)
George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰后歸來，結果卻被告知他妻子已經離他而去了。(山東卷)
另外補充以下典型例句，請同學們認真體會：
I arrived only to find that the others had already left. 我到達時發現其他人都已經離開了。
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店卻發現錢全落在家了。
I arrived at the campsite, only to discover that it was closed for the winter. 我到了營地，才知道那兒冬季不開放。
Garry answered the door only to be knocked flying as two policemen came rushing in. 加里去開門，結果卻被沖進來的警察撞得老遠。
He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only to resign from his job soon after he’d received it. 他花了很多時間來談判提高工資，卻在加了工資后不久辭職了。
考點二 only修飾狀語置于句首
當“only+狀語”置于句首時，其后用部分倒裝，此時的only意為“只有”，強調唯一性和排他性。請看2012年的兩個高考真題例句：
Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. 只是由于運氣特別好，她才得以從上漲的洪水中逃出來。(上海卷)
Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake. 瑪麗只在第二次讀她的作文后，她才注意到那拼寫錯誤。(天津卷)
另外補充以下典型例句，請同學們認真體會：
Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個問題。
Only here were the police visible in any strength at all. 只有在這里才能看到廖廖幾個警察。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教師的允許，學生才可以進這間屋。
注意，若置于句首的“only+狀語”不強調唯一性或排他性，其中的only表示“只是”，相當于just或as recently as等，此時其后的句子則不用倒裝。如
Only today I saw her—she looks much better. 我今天還見過她——她看起來好多了。
Only yesterday, it seemed to her, she had born Sophia. 她似乎覺得她昨天才生的索菲婭。
Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn’t last long, did it? 就在上個星期你還說過你不再吸煙了。你的話過不了多久就不算數，是不是?
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