9類狀語從句的的備考說明

狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于副詞的用法，用來修修動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫從屬連詞。狀語從句的語序與陳述句語序相同。狀語從句可位于復(fù)合句的句首或句末，當(dāng)從句位于句首時(shí)，后面常用逗號與主句分開。根據(jù)狀語從句的不同作用可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、方式狀語從句等九種。

1. 時(shí)間狀語從句及備考說明

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞(以下稱引導(dǎo)詞)很多，為方便記憶，現(xiàn)作以下分類：

(1)基本類：包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如：

Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家時(shí)誰來過電話嗎?

We have known each other since we were children. 我們從小認(rèn)識。

You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完藥丸后你會感到好一些。

Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡覺前一定要關(guān)燈。

Don’t promise him anything till we’ve had time to think about it. 在我們有時(shí)間考慮之前別答應(yīng)他什么。

(2)名詞類：即由名詞詞組充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一……就……”。如

I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一見到你就愛上你了。

Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到結(jié)果就給我打電話。

(3)副詞類：即由副詞充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如：

I came immediately you called. 你一打電話我就來了。

Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一進(jìn)門就聞到煙味。

(4)短語類：主是幾個(gè)涉及time短語，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如：

Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來，請關(guān)門。

My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房頂就漏。

He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。

The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我們談話時(shí)他說他還需要兩天。

(5)句型類：包括no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：

I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我剛把門關(guān)上就有人敲門。

Hardly were the words uttered than he began to regret them. 話剛說出口他就開始后悔了。

【備考說明】要特別注意“名詞類”、“短語類”“句型類”狀語從句，因?yàn)樗鼈儾粌H是考查的重點(diǎn)，也往往是應(yīng)試的難點(diǎn)。另外，以before, until, unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句也應(yīng)引導(dǎo)足夠重視。

2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句及備考說明

地點(diǎn)狀語從句主要由 where 引導(dǎo)，其意為“在……的地方”，有時(shí)也可由wherever(無論在……地方)和everywhere(每一個(gè)……的地方)引導(dǎo)。如：

Keep it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得見的地方。

He lives where the climate is mild. 他住在一個(gè)氣候溫暖的地方。

I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。

【備考說明】地點(diǎn)狀語從句是高考英語中一個(gè)很重要的考點(diǎn)，由于許多同學(xué)對此重視不夠，所以此類考題的丟分很嚴(yán)重。請看以下高考真題，它們考查的都是地點(diǎn)狀語從句(答案均選 where)：

(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ________ you have any questions.

A. at which     B. at where     C. the place where  D. where

(2) After the war, a new school building was put up ________ there had once been a theatre.

A. that    B. where C. which________ D. when

(3) You should make it a rule to leave things ________ you can find them again.

A. when  B. where C. then________    D. there

(4) She found her calculator ________ she lost it.

A. where B. when  C. in which     D. that 

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