3. 原因狀語從句及備考說明

原因狀語從句主要由since, because, for, as, now that, when 引導。如：

Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 因為我們沒有錢，我們沒法買它。

They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他們不可能出去了，因為燈還亮著。

The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短，因為這時已經是十二月。

As there isn’t anything more to do, I may as well go home early 既然這里沒有別的事要做，我還不如早點回家。

Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision. 既然你們都在這里，咱們就設法做出一個決定。

【備考說明】要特別注意when表示原因的用法，因為許多同學對此用法并不是很熟悉。如：

I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。

Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already? 你已經有一份這么好的工作了，你為什么還要找新的工作呢?

4. 條件狀語從句及備考說明

條件狀語從句主要由if, unless, as [so] long as(只要), in case(如果，萬一)等引導。如：

If there is any problem, let me know. 如果有什么問題可以通知我。

Unless you wear boots you may be bitted by snakes. 若不穿靴子你可能被蛇咬。

As long as you understand, we shall say no more about it. 只要你能理解，我們就不說什么了。

In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 如果他在我回來以前到，請讓他等等我。

【備考說明】條狀語從句最值得關注的是in case，另外unless也是一個不可輕視的連詞。請再看幾例：

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困難請告訴我。

In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，請提醒我。

In case the house burns down, we’ll get the insurance money. 這房子要是燒壞了，我們就可以領保險金了。

Unless you change your mind, I won’t be able to help you. 除非你改變你的想法，否則我不能幫助你。

Unless you’ re early you can’t be sure of getting a seat. 除非你早去，否則你不會有座位的。

5. 讓步狀語從句的用法

(1)基本類：引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有though / although(雖然)，even if / even though(即使), whether…or (無論……還是……)等。如：

Although it was built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order. 雖然發動機是戰前造的，但仍然工作良好。

Even if you don’t like him you can still be polite.  即使你不喜歡他，你仍可有禮貌一些。

Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same. 不管我們是走還是留結果都一樣。

(2)-ever類：主要指however / whatever / whoever / whichever 等引導的讓步狀語從句，其用法相當于no matter how / what / who / which…，意思是“無論……”。如：

I will refuse, however [no matter how] favorable the condition is. 不管條件多好，我都不接受。

Phone me when you arrive, however [no matter how] late it is. 你到達之后就給我打電話，不論多么晚也要打。

Don’t lose heart whatever [no matter what] difficulties you meet. 一不管遇到什么困難都不要灰心。

Whoever [No matter who] you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰，都不能從這里過去。

Whichever [No matter which] you choose, they will be offended. 不管你選哪個，他們都會不高興。

【備考說明】重點應關注由-ever引導的狀語從句。另外，由even if和even though引導的狀語從句也值得注意。

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