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中考英語語法完全突破——主謂一致 |
作者:admin 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2017-03-18 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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考點3 考查與there be句式中動詞be的數 在there be句式中,動詞be用單數還是復數,取決于其后名詞是單數還是復數。注意,如果there be后面接有幾個并列的主語,則通常與靠近的主語保持一致。如: There are some girls in the room. 房間里有幾個女孩。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 另外,注意不要混淆there be與have的區別:前者指某處存在有某人或某物,后者指擁有或具有某物。尤其要注意的是,不能將兩者混在一起使用,如不能說there have。如: 沿著河岸都種有樹。 誤:There have trees all along the river banks. 正:There are trees all along the river banks. 但是,下面一句是正確的,因為其中的there have been為there be的現在完成時形式: There have been many such accidents. 已發生了好幾起那樣的事故。(HM) 【考例1】There ________ many students in the library after school every day. (北京中考題) A. has B. have C. is D. are 【分析】答案選D。由于many students(許多學生),表復數意義,故謂語動詞用復數。注意不能選B,因為表示“有”的there be不能說成there have。 【考例2】Good news! There ________ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. (陜西綏德中考題) A. are B. is C. was D. were 【分析】答案選B。由于people表示“人”“人們”時,永遠表復數意義,故謂語動詞用復數。 考點4 考查一段時間等作主語的情況 當用作主語的是“一段時間”“一段距離”“一筆錢”等時,通常將其視為“一個整體數量”,此時其后的謂語動詞通常用單數。如: Twenty years is a long time. 20年是很長的時間。 Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。 A hundred miles is a long distance. 100英里是一段很長的距離。 【考例】Three hours ________ quite a long time for the students to play computer games every day.(蘭州中考題) A. is B. were C. was D. are 答案選A。時間名詞做主語,通常將其視為一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式;又根據后面的every day可知應用一般現在時,故選A。 考點5 考查特殊搭配作主語時動詞的數 涉及主謂一致的特殊搭配比較多,在中考英語中主要應注意以下幾個: 1. both…and…(……和……都):連接兩個主語時,其后的謂語動詞通常要用復數。如: Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹倆都是大學生。 Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris老板和他的秘書都正飛往巴黎。 2. not only…but also…(不僅……而且……):連接兩個主語時,其后謂語動詞的數與靠近的主語保持一致,也就是采用就近原則。如: Not only you but also I am hungry. 不只你,我也餓了呢。 Not only you but also he has to attend the meeting. 不只是你,他也必須參加會議。 3. neither…nor…(……和……都):連接兩個主語時,其后謂語動詞的數與靠近的主語保持一致,也就是采用就近原則。如: Neither he nor they are mistaken. 他和他們都沒有錯。 Neither the driver nor the passengers were hurt. 司機和乘客都沒有受傷。 4. either…or…(……和……都):連接兩個主語時,其后謂語動詞的數與靠近的主語保持一致,也就是采用就近原則。如: Either you or I am wrong. 不是你錯就是我錯。 Either Tim or his brothers have to do the work. 不是蒂姆,就是他的兄弟們必須做這工作。
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