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9. Verb classes （動(dòng)詞）

9.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs （及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞）

9.2 Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries （助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）

*9.3 Semiauxiliaries （半助動(dòng)詞）

e.g. appear to, be able to, etc

*9.4 Phrasal verbs （短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）

e.g. depend on, turn out, catch up with, pay attention to, take place, make sure, etc

10. Tense （時(shí)態(tài)）

10.1 Simple present, past, future and with modals （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 一般將來(lái)時(shí)和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞）

10.2 Present and past progressive （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)0

*10.3 Future progressive and with modals （將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加進(jìn)行時(shí)）

*10.4 Present and past perfect （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)）

*10.5 Future perfect and with modals （將來(lái)完成時(shí)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)）

*10.6 Present perfect progressive （現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）

10.7 Past perfect progressive （過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）

*11.Passive voice （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

11.1 Passive voice in simple tense （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般時(shí)態(tài)）

11.2 Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）

11.3 Passive voice of phrasal verbs （短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

12. Subjunctive mood （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

12.1 in conditional sentences （用于條件句中）

12.1.1 if + V-ed1, …would + V

12.1.2 if + had + had + V-ed2, … would + have + V-ed2

12.1.3 if + should / were to + V, …would + V

12.1.4 omission of if （ if 的省略）

12.2 in the following that-clause after （用于下列that從句中）：

wish

demand, suggest

It + be + suggested / desirable

suggestion, recommendation

12.3 in the following clauses and constructions （用于下列從句和結(jié)構(gòu)中）：

as if, as though

It is time that

would rather / sooner that

13. To V （Infinitive 動(dòng)詞不定式）

13.1 as subject, object and complement （用作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

13.2 Indicating purpose / result （表示目的和結(jié)果）

*13.3 Modifying adjective （修飾形容詞）

*13.4 as post modifier in a noun phrase （后位修飾名詞）

13.5 It + (be) + Adj / N + to V

*13.6 V + it + Co + to V

*13.7 for + N + to V

*13.8 wh-words + to V(phrase) （疑問(wèn)詞加不定式 [短語(yǔ)]）

*13.9 to be + V-ed2, to have + V-ed2, to be + V-ing （不定式的被動(dòng)式，完成式和進(jìn)行式）

14. V-ing (Gerund 動(dòng)名詞)

14.1 as object, subject and predicative（用作賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)）

14.2 Prep + V-ing

*14.3 It + be + …+ V-ing

*14.4 N / Pron or their possessive + V-ing as subject and object（名詞 / 代詞或其所有格加動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）

*14.5 Prep + N / Pron or their possessive + V-ing（介詞加名詞 / 代詞或其所有格加動(dòng)名詞）

*14.6 being + V-ed2, having + V-ed2, having been + V-ed2 as a noun equivalent（動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，完成式和完成被動(dòng)式起名詞作用）

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