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2006年研究生公共英語試題（翻譯部分）

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.

First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”

【答案及分析】

1. 原文：I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.

分析：elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems中存在語序倒裝現象，正常語序是elected the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life，其中的基本結構為elected…as…，意思是“選擇……作為……”。

參考譯文：我所說的知識分子指“把運用蘇格拉底方式思考道德問題作為自己人生主要職責和樂趣的個人”。

2. 原文：His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

分析：短語is analogous to的意思是“類似于”。同樣地，revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision也存在倒裝結構，正常語序是revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

參考譯文：知識分子的職責類似于法官，其必須承擔的義務是以盡可能明白的方式說明作出決策的思維過程。

3. 原文：I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

分析：be charged with意思是“委以（重任）”；approach作動詞用，這里的意思是“處理，考慮”；but作介詞用，意思是“除……以外”。

參考譯文：我把普通科學工作者排除在外，理由是，盡管普通科學工作者的成就也許有助于道德問題的解決，但他們承擔的任務只不過是研究這些問題的事實層面。

4. 原文：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

分析：本句的句型是not…any more than…，表示同等程度的比較，意思是“如同……一樣”。

參考譯文：但是，普通科學工作者的主要任務不是思考支配其行為的道德規范，正如不能指望商人把整個精力用于探索商業行為規范一樣。

5. 原文：They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

分析：and more than earn their salaries與very well形成并列關系，都是用來修飾teach的，其中more than比較結構中還包含有省略結構, 主句如果補全，應該是：and they may teach more than earn their salaries；短語reflections on的意思是“對……進行反思”。

參考譯文：他們在傳道授業方面也許做得很好，而且不僅僅是為了掙錢。但絕大多數知識分子對于涉及道德判斷的人類問題很少或沒有進行獨立反思。

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