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5.4.4. “形容詞性物主代詞+名詞+be+ that從句”  例如：

1.My friends, my advice is that we worry about the Sassans first, and deal with the future when we know we’ll have one.

2.My answer is that it’s a mistake to hold the bartender responsible.

3.But my argument is that there are various ways of perceiving "better."

5.5連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句

連詞that既可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句，但是二者之間雖然在形式上很相似，但有本質(zhì)的差別。

5.5.1 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句的區(qū)別

1.先行詞的不同

定語從句(筆者注：即本文所說關(guān)系從句) 或同位語從句前面都有先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是用來代表人物或事物的先行詞。但引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that所指的只能是一些表示抽象概念的詞，如：fact, idea, rumour, news, hope, believe, desire, proposal, thought, suggestion等。

2. 兩個that的不同

應(yīng)該指出，引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，它的作用是連接主句和從句，并代表先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分，that指物時，可以用which代替。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，只起連接主句和從句的作用。它不充當(dāng)任何成分，也不能為which所代替。

3.兩種從句句法功能的不同

兩種從句的性質(zhì)是不同的。這是兩種不同的本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。定語從句是形容詞性的，在傳統(tǒng)語法中有形容詞從句(Adjective Clause) 之稱。它的功能是修飾先行詞，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征。同位語從句是名詞性，它的功能是對所說明的詞語作進(jìn)一步的、補(bǔ)充性的解釋。它是詞語的內(nèi)容本身。這二者之間是可以劃等號的。例如：

The news that we heard spread all over the school campus.

The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the school campus.

第一句中的that we heard是定語從句，修飾news；第二句中的that he had landed on the moon是同位語從句，它進(jìn)一步說明news的內(nèi)容本身，指出這news本身就是he had landed on the moon，可以說The news is that he had landed on the moon. 很明顯，第一句的that we heard絕不等于the news，因為它是定語從句，只有修飾the news的功能。

5.5.2 后接that從句的“外殼名詞”

源可樂在《辭書研究》2006年第3期P77’英語“外殼名詞”及其相關(guān)信息在教學(xué)型詞典中的處理’中指出：何謂“外殼名詞”(shell nouns) ? 外殼名詞是一類特殊的抽象名詞，由于后面往往連接顯示具體內(nèi)容的從句和短語，猶如一個“外殼”，吸納具體內(nèi)容，因而被德國語法學(xué)家Hans-Jörg Schmid 稱作“外殼名詞”。英語中這類名詞有幾百個，如fact、notion、idea、knowledge、explanation、conclusion等。

有些外殼名詞可以后接名詞從句(以下簡稱N-that) 。

根據(jù)John Sinclair主編的COLLINS COBUILD GRAMMAR PATTERNS2：NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES (上海外語教育出版社 2000年11月第1版) p108-112和燕山大學(xué)李艷丹碩士學(xué)位論文《英語外殼名詞的認(rèn)知研究》P71-75以下“外殼名詞”可以后接that從句。

1. THE “Suggestion” Group

These nouns refer to something that is written or spoken.

(1) accusation 

Kim rejects accusations that Country music is over-sentimental...

(2) ackowledgement  

The President’s resignation appears to be an acknowledgment that he has lost all hope of keeping the country together...

(3) adage  

Do you agree with the adage that "waste attracts waste"?

(4) admission

It’s one more small admission that the old way of doing business here no longer worked.

(5) affirmation

One gain was the affirmation that Christ and the Spirit are divine.

(6) allegation

That’s not helpful to an allegation that something happened against her will.

(7) announcement

Ron Paul’s announcement that he’s pulling back is not going to discourage that delegate process from moving forward.

(8) aphorism

There is still some truth to the aphorism that politics stops at the water’s edge.

(9) appeal

It talks about that the appeal that you were just talking about, that it’s been filed. 

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