三.并列主語時的主謂一致，采用意義一致原則或就近一致原則

并列主語時，有些情況（如1）采用意義一致原則，有些情況（如2/3/4）采用就近一致原則（謂語的數(shù)與位置最近的主語的數(shù)保持一致）。

1. “and連接的兩個詞”作并列主語時，一般采用意義一致原則。

①如果and連接的兩詞表示兩個事物，謂語用復數(shù)。

●Jim and I are close friends.吉姆和我是好朋友。

  ●Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。

②如果and連接的兩詞構(gòu)成一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)。常見的這種組合有：a knife and fork一副刀叉，a watch and chain一只帶表帶的手表；fish and chips魚和薯片，bread and butter黃油面包；trust and honest誠實，law and order法律和秩序，治安。如，

●Fish and chips is one of the most common English dishes.

對比：第①種情況中的of后的名詞有冠詞，第②種情況中的of后的名詞沒有冠詞。

The writer and the professor have arrived.那個作家和那個教授已經(jīng)到了。（兩個人）

The writer and professor has arrived.既是作家又是教授的那個人到了。（一個人）

③one and a half：主復謂單（常考）。如，

●One and a half apples is left on the table.

④若and連接的兩個詞被each/every/no修飾，則謂語用單數(shù)。如，

●Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

（助記：此時Every boy and every girl=Every boy and girl=Everybody）

2.由and連接的詞作并列主語，在here/there引起的倒裝句中，采用就近一致原則。如，There is a knife and some apples.

There are some apples and a knife.

●Where are your classmates and teacher?

3.由or等連接的詞作并列主語，采用就近一致原則。這些詞或短語有：or，either/whether…or，neither…nor，not only…but also，not…but。注意，在陳述句中，主語B與謂語就近一致；在疑問句中，主語A與謂語就近一致。如，

Either you or he has lunch at school.（前四句是陳述句）

Either he or you have lunch at school.

Either you or he doesn’t have lunch at school.

Either he or you don’t have lunch at school.

Do either you or he have lunch at school.（疑問句。注意此句中的謂語首詞是do）

4. more than one或many a…作主語，采用就近一致原則。如，

●More than one student (主語) has seen the film.

（但是，More students (主語) than one have seen the film.）

●Many a student fails to pass the examination.許多學生考試不及格。

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