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■語法書對(duì)比：“quantity/amount of”作主語時(shí)的主謂一致。
1. 有些語法書中，用許多條規(guī)則講解它們的用法。如（少部分條文），
a large quantity of可以修飾可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語單/復(fù)數(shù)要看后面的名詞。A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge.很多錢花在建這座橋上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building.這個(gè)大樓耗費(fèi)了大量的建筑材料。
large quantities of同樣可以修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，但是謂語的單/復(fù)數(shù)與quantities保持一致，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Large quantities of food have rotten away.大量的食物已經(jīng)腐爛。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year.這個(gè)城市每年要消費(fèi)大量的啤酒。
2. 有些語法書中，把它們的各種情況作了如下表的歸納。（這種講解顯然比上邊系統(tǒng)化）
|
主語 |
謂語 |
|
量詞 |
名詞復(fù)數(shù) |
不可數(shù)名詞 |
復(fù)數(shù) |
單數(shù) |
|
a large/small quantity of |
√ |
|
√ |
|
|
a large/small quantity of |
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
(large) quantities of |
√ |
|
√ |
|
|
(large) quantities of |
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
the quantity of |
√ |
|
|
√ |
|
the quantity of |
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
a large/vast amount of |
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
large/vast amounts of |
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
the amount of |
|
√ |
|
√ |
試想有幾個(gè)人能記住這個(gè)表的各種情況！舉起手，我看看？！
3. 本書把它們的各種情況，一共分為兩大類：①a(n) quantity/amount of+名詞，按照of右邊的名詞確定謂語的數(shù)。②the quantity/amount of，或，quantities/amounts of，左邊由a(n)（泛指/單數(shù)）變?yōu)?/SPAN>the（特指）或-(e)s（復(fù)數(shù)），意味著“語義重心”轉(zhuǎn)移到of左邊，所以，按照of左邊的名詞確定謂語的數(shù)。按照這兩條原理，就可以推導(dǎo)出上表中的所有情況。可以看出，理解即可，基本不用記憶。 |
2.有些“a+ n1+of+n2”作主語時(shí)，語義重心在左（n1），根據(jù)n1確定謂語的數(shù)。如，a pair/line/range/ series/species of；又如，各種量詞a cup/piece of等。
●A pair of shoes was under the desk.
●A line of forts was built along the border.
●A series of lectures is to be given by Mr. Smith.
There is a cup of tea on the table.
There are two cups of tea on the table.
3.有些“the+ n1+of+n2”作主語時(shí)（如，the rest/majority of），根據(jù)n2確定謂語的數(shù)。是特例。
The rest of the bread is for breakfast.
The rest of the questions are being discussed.
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