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| 淺談as和than引導(dǎo)的分句定位及主語省略問題(下) | |||
| 作者:倪肖丁 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2018-02-01 |
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3. 補(bǔ)全如下: (1)…than [the things which are] necessary or possible. 或(2)…than(are)necessary or possible. (MEGCI) (3)…than(what is)necessary or possible. 或(4)…than(is)necessary or possible. 其中(1)式為深層結(jié)構(gòu),其余均為可以呈現(xiàn)的正常結(jié)構(gòu); (2)由(1)轉(zhuǎn)換而成,也是MEGCI的原句;(3)是The Cambridge Dictionary of English Grammar和Practical English Usage所采用的(填補(bǔ)gap的)手段,主要用于非正式文體;(4)由(3)轉(zhuǎn)換而成。但因主句中more things的吸引,多采用就近一致原則,因此 (2)比(3)更常見。 例二:Teachers, parents, and students all need access to better information about colleges and careers than ( ) commonly available. 本例的思路和方法與例一相同。但主句中的比較對象information是不可數(shù)名詞,被省略的主語也相應(yīng)地調(diào)整為單數(shù)概念。 補(bǔ)全如下: (1)…than [the information which is]commonly available.(深層結(jié)構(gòu)) (2)…than(what is)commonly available. (3)…than(is)commonly available.(LDOCE) 即使比較對象并非主句中的某個(gè)名詞,而是一種性質(zhì)特征的描繪,也同樣可以補(bǔ)全空缺。例如: The audience was more enthusiastic than()expected. = The audience was more enthusiastic than(was)expected. = The audience was more enthusiastic than(what was)expected. (CDEG) =The audience was more enthusiastic than(it was)expected (that they would be enthusiastic). 有時(shí)候,同一個(gè)省略句可以從不同的角度進(jìn)行補(bǔ)全改寫,基本意思不變。例如: The girls swam faster than ( ) expected. (1) = The girls swam faster than (it was) expected that they would (do/swim). (2) = The girls swam faster than (was) expected. (CGEL) (3) = The girls swam faster than (they were) expected (to do/swim) (4) = The girls swam faster than (were) expected. 當(dāng)然,補(bǔ)全改寫(尤其是完整的補(bǔ)全)的只是邏輯上的深層結(jié)構(gòu),不宜直接轉(zhuǎn)換成語句的表層結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)出來,累贅冗長的結(jié)構(gòu)不符合英語習(xí)慣用法。 不可否認(rèn)的是,有的省略成分的確難以補(bǔ)全。多半是因?yàn)槲覀冏约翰荒軇偃蔚木壒剩部赡苁钦Z言的長期進(jìn)化使得最初形式的語句變得面目全非而難以溯源,更重要的是實(shí)踐中已經(jīng)失去了溯源的必要性。支配語言使用的主要是習(xí)慣,不能把語言當(dāng)作邏輯嚴(yán)密的數(shù)學(xué)來學(xué)。 引用地址: |
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