內部講義：常考詞的語法與用法(04)

◆conclude v.

1. 表示“結束”，可用作及物或不及物動詞，表示以某種方式結束通常用介詞 with, by 等。如：

He has concluded his research. 他已完成了他的研究工作。

He concluded his talk with a funny story. 他以一個有趣的故事結束講話。

He concluded by giving us some advice. 他結束時給我們提了些建議。

2. 表示“斷定”或“推出”，是及物動詞，但通常只接 that 從句或不定式的復合結構(且不定式只能是 to be 型)作賓語，通常不接簡單賓語，也不用于進行時態。如：

我們斷定是他錯了。

正：We concluded that he was wrong.

正：We concluded him to be wrong.

我斷定他一定是出事了。

正：I concluded that he must have met with an accident.

誤：I concluded him to have met with an accident.

3. 表示“決定”，其后通常接不定式或 that 從句。如：

We concluded to wait for fair weather. /We concluded that

we would wait for fair weather. 我們決定等待好天氣。

4. 期刊雜志等在連載文章時，表示“待續”用 to be continued, 表示“下期續完”用 to be concluded, 表示“全部載完”則通常用 concluded。

◆condition n.

1. 表示“情況”、“環境”時，通常用復數形式。如：

Economic conditions were very bad. 經濟情況非常糟糕。

We are interested in working conditions in Africa. 我們對非洲的工作環境感興趣。

表示“在……情況或環境下”，通常用介詞 in, under。如：

in [under] war conditions 在戰爭環境中

in [under] favourable conditions 在有利形勢下

2. 用于“on [upon] condition that＋從句”，表示“如果”、“只要”、“在……條件下”。如：

I’ll come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果她也受到邀請，那我就來。

He can use the bicycle upon condition that he return(s)

it tomorrow. 自行車可以借給他，條件是明天必須歸還。

◆congratulate v.

表示“祝賀”，通常用于 congratulate sb on [upon] sth, 其意為“因為某事而祝賀某人”(注意用介詞on/upon)。如：

I congratulate you on your success. 我祝賀你的成功。

He congratulated us on getting married. 他祝賀我們結婚大喜。

有時接反身代詞作賓語。如：

You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job. 你的工作干得出色，你應該感到自豪。

但是一般不說：I congratulate your success.

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