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內(nèi)部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(15) |
作者:TJG 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2012-06-02 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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內(nèi)部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(15)
◆swim v. & n. 1. 用作動(dòng)詞,表示“游泳”,通常為不及物動(dòng)詞;但若表示“使(某人)游過”、“游(一段距離)”、“參加(游泳比賽)”等,則可以是及物動(dòng)詞。如: Some snakes can swim. 有些蛇會(huì)游泳。 He swam (across) the river. 他游過了這條河。 She swam the 100 metres race faster than anyone else. 她游 2. 用作名詞,表示“游泳”,通常指的是“一次游泳”或指“游泳的一次時(shí)間”等,因此它是可數(shù)名詞。如: Let’s go for a swim. 我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞?/SPAN> I only had two swims last year. 去年我游泳兩次。 注:名詞 swim 通常只表示具體意義的一次游泳或游泳的一段距離等,但并不表示泛指意義的游泳,表示后者要用 swimming。如: 游泳有很好的鍛煉。 正:Swimming is very good exercise. 正:Swim is very good exercise. ◆table n. 比較 at table 與 at the (a) table:前者(無冠詞) 表示的是與桌子有關(guān)的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng),即“吃飯”;而后者(用冠詞)通常只是客觀地表示“在桌子旁”(不一定是吃飯)。如: He never talks at table. 他吃飯時(shí)從不講話。 They were at table when I called. 我來訪時(shí),他們?cè)诔燥垺?/SPAN> I saw her writing at the table. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她在旁邊寫字。 注:在美國英語中有時(shí)也可用 at the table 表示“在吃飯”這一意思。再比較: sit down at [to] table 坐下用餐 sit down at the [a] table 在桌子旁坐下 ◆take v. 1. 表示“拿去”、“帶去”等,與 bring(拿來)方向相反。如: Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 請(qǐng)把這個(gè)空杯拿走,給我倒杯茶來。 有時(shí)可帶雙賓語。如: Please take him a cup of tea. /Please take a cup of tea to him. 請(qǐng)給他端杯茶去。 注:有時(shí)表示“拿去”可能與方向無關(guān)。如: He took the box to the farm. 他把那個(gè)箱子帶到了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 2. 表示“搭乘(交通工具)”,比較: 他決定乘出租車去火車站。 正:He decided to take a taxi to the railway station. 正:He decided to go to the railway station by taxi. 3. 表示“認(rèn)為”或“當(dāng)作”,通常與 for, to be, as 連用。如: He took me for my brother. 他錯(cuò)把我當(dāng)成是我兄弟。 I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他為人老實(shí)。 注:按傳統(tǒng)說法,take……for 往往指不合事實(shí)地“誤認(rèn)為”,而 take……to be [as] 則可能指正確地也可能指不正確地“認(rèn)為”;但現(xiàn)代英語已不完全遵循此規(guī)則。 4. 表示“花費(fèi)”,主要用于時(shí)間,比較以下句型: 他寫這本書花了五年時(shí)間。 正:It took him five years to write the book. 正:It took five years for him to write the book. 正:The book took him five years to write. 正:He took five years to write the book. 正:He took five years writing the book. 注:以上各句均可說,但以第一句最為普通。 在現(xiàn)代英語中 take 有時(shí)可用于金錢。如: It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 買一所房子要花一 ◆task n. 用作名詞,表示“工作”、“任務(wù)”、“苦差事”等,是可數(shù)名詞,不要受 work(工作)的影響,將 task 誤認(rèn)為不可數(shù)名詞。如: I have many household tasks to do today. 我今天有很多家務(wù)要做。 It’s a difficult task, but I think you can do it. 這是個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù),但我想你能完成。 |
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