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文化背景:語言根植的土壤 |
作者:劉永科 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2014-04-24 文章錄入:劉永科 責任編輯:admin |
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還有一些稱謂,中西方也有較大差別。我們常說的“李老師,王老師”,在英語中一般不說Teacher Li 或Teacher Wang. 而是根據性別,直接說:Miss Li 或Mr. Wang。 有些詞匯隨著時代的變遷,本來在外國也已過時,但我們國家仍在沿用。如:“農民”這個詞,我們有的人還在使用peasant,不用farmer。這對中國的農民有“污蔑”之嫌,因為這個詞是指受剝削的“貧下中農”。都解放60多年了,中國還有peasant嗎? 還有一些詞語在習慣上的不同,例如last 和next這兩個詞,中西方的概念是不一樣的。例如:I went to see my uncle last Wednesday. 有人譯成“上周三我去看望我叔叔了。” 但不一定,也許是在本周三。是這樣的,它可能指“上周三”,也可能指“本周三”,這要看說話的時間。如果說話時間是在Wednesday 或之前,那么,last Wednesday 就是指“上周三”;但如果說話時間是在Thursday 或之后,那么,last Wednesday 則是指“本周三”。這是因為,在英語中last 這個單詞,是指“離說話時最近的上一個時間”,同理,英語中的next,也是指“離說話時最近的下一個時間”。因此,英語和漢語在這方面有一定的差異,需要特別注意。 同理,next Wednesday不一定是指“下周三”,也可能是指“本周三”;last autumn 也許是“去年秋天”,也許是“今年秋天”。這要看說話的具體時間。 請看下面幾種說法,試著對比翻譯一下: 1. last week(上一個周)last Tuesday(上周二或本周二) 2. last year(去年)last spring(去年春天或今年春天) 3. next week(下一個周)next Thursday(下周四或本周四) 4. next year(明年) next autumn(明年秋天或今年秋天) (三)不同民族有不同的愛好 之所以成為一個民族,是因為這批人有著共同的價值觀、信仰、文化儀式與血脈認同,這也構成了不同的民族有不同的文化現象。當我們作為某個民族的一分子,觀察其他民族的風俗文化時,我們會有參照和對比,從而對民族自身的禮儀有更深的體味與了解。因之,語言本身帶有文化的烙印。 It is interesting to know what people of different nations like to do best. 【法國人】In France, love is the major pastime for ordinary people. When a woman enters a cafe or a restaurant she is freely discussed, not only about her appearance but about her past and future as well. She invites looks in the street whether she is beautiful or plain. There is no better way for a woman to regain her self-confidence than a walk in the streets of 【意大利人】In Italy, people love talking. They sit about in cafes, exchanging news and discussing politics. They do not hesitate to ask questions about the family, income and private life of anybody who happens to be there. 【瑞士人】The Swiss eat as a pastime, ladies walk into a teashop, eat a couple of ice-creams and a large piece of chocolate cake, and then leave, complaining about their weights. 【美國人】For the Americans, the greatest fondness is said to be the push of buttons. You push a button in the lift; you push a button for cigarettes, chewing gums, and stamps even for a life insurance. You can even push a button and get married and another button to get divorced. 【英國人】In England, waiting in a line is a national passion. The English will form a line whenever they have the opportunity. Long queues can be seen, for example, at stations when the train is practically empty and everybody can have a seat. |
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