2. By so doing, the Party has guaranteed that the correct road of reform and opening up and building a modernized socialist China never changed.

【問題分析】這句話的主句謂語動詞用的是現(xiàn)在完成時has guaranteed，不知為何從句謂語動詞使用一般過去時changed？按照guarantee（確保）一詞的用法，其后接從句時一般使用將來時。建議改為：By so doing, the Party has guaranteed that the correct road of reform and opening up and building a modernized socialist China will never be changed.

3. Every Chinese person who experienced and contributed to the transformation of the past 30 years should feel proud of himself.

I convey our warm greetings to all the compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, and those in Taiwan and overseas, who made great effort to the modernization of the motherland and the great cause of unification.

【問題分析】上述兩個句子中的定語從句以使用現(xiàn)在完成時為佳，因?yàn)槠渌�表達(dá)的行為與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。

五、主謂數(shù)一致問題

1. In the past 30 years, while adhering to the basic system of socialism amid profound and extensive changes, we have developed the market economy in a creative way under socialist conditions, which ensure our economic activities conform to the law of value, consistently liberated and developed social productive forces, increased national capacity, and improved people’s livelihoods, thus better fulfilling our central task of economic construction.

【問題分析】定語從句which ensure中的which只能有兩種理解：一是指前面整個句子，二是指the market economy。但無論作何種理解，其主語都是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞ensure應(yīng)改為ensures，以保持主謂數(shù)一致。

2. Reform and opening up is the essential feature of the new era.

Essentially reform and opening up are in accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.

【問題分析】細(xì)心的讀者可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在上述譯文中，reform and opening up這一短語作主語時在數(shù)上存在不一致情況，第一句中它被視為單數(shù)，第二句中它又被視為復(fù)數(shù)。這種情況在譯文中多次出現(xiàn)。

六、句子結(jié)構(gòu)問題

1. Led by Comrade Deng Xiaoping and supported by other veteran revolutionaries, the Third Plenary Session began correcting "Leftist" mistakes of all forms committed before and during the “cultural revolution,” firmly repudiated the fallacy of the “two whatevers” (i.e. Whatever has been said and done by Mao Zedong is right and whatever has been stipulated by him must not be changed).

【問題分析】從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，這句話的謂語為并列謂語，即began correcting和repudiated，按照英語習(xí)慣，在firmly repudiated前加上and更符合英語規(guī)范。

2. We must link pressing ahead with changes in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, continuously pushing forward political restructuring and provide institutional and legal guarantees for reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

【問題分析】首先我們看譯文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。這句譯文的謂語動詞是 link，而pushing forward是分詞短語，用來補(bǔ)充說明，這沒有問題。但provide在這里作什么成分？如果是并列謂語動詞，那么and provide前應(yīng)該添加一個逗號；如果也是補(bǔ)充說明，那么也應(yīng)使用分詞短語形式，即改為providing。再來比較一下原文：“必須把推動經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)變革同推動上層建筑改革結(jié)合起來，不斷推進(jìn)政治體制改革，為改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供制度保證和法制保障。”通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以看出，“為改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供制度保證和法制保障”是“把推動經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)變革同推動上層建筑改革結(jié)合起來”和“不斷推進(jìn)政治體制改革”的目的，不是并列關(guān)系，因此建議把and provide改為so as to provide，并在其前添加一個逗號。順帶一提的是，譯文中有大量由三個以上動詞構(gòu)成的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，這種譯法是值得商榷的。

3. It is a must that all Party members and cadres put the interests of the Party and the people first and firmly bear in mind the "two musts." (The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.)

【問題分析】括號里的內(nèi)容是對 the “two musts” 所作的補(bǔ)充說明，按照英語習(xí)慣，應(yīng)與其放入同一個句子中。因此有兩種改法，一是把two musts之后的句號移置括號后，二是使用破折號，作如下修改：It is a must that all Party members and cadres put the interests of the Party and the people first and firmly bear in mind the “two musts” — the comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work, and the comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.

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