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英語寫作常見錯誤例析(介詞用法)

學(xué)生在寫作中用錯介詞的情況主要有以下幾類：

一是多用介詞：多用介詞可能是受漢語意思的影響將及物動詞誤用作不及物動詞，也可能是受相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響而用錯。

二是漏用介詞：漏用介詞可能是受漢語意思的影響將不及物動詞誤用作及物動詞，或是受相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響的影響而用錯等。

三是錯用介詞：錯用介詞的情況比較復(fù)雜，可能是因受漢語意思的而錯，也可能是因弄不清搭配關(guān)系而錯，可能是混淆用法而錯，也可能是受相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響而錯，可能是忽略語境而錯，也可能是想當(dāng)?shù)赜缅e。

請看以下具體實例：

誤用：The only people with whom he could discuss about the plan were those who knew of it already.

正確：The only people with whom he could discuss the plan were those who knew of it already.

說明：由于 discuss 為及物動詞，后接賓語時無需用任何介詞，所以誤用句中的 about 為多余的。

句意：可以同他一起討論計劃的最合適人選是那些對計劃已經(jīng)了解的人。

誤用：If you mention about  my name to the door-keeper he will let you in. 

正確：If you mention my name to the door-keeper he will let you in. 

說明：由于 mention 為及物動詞，后接賓語時無需用任何介詞，所以誤用句中的 about 為多余的。

句意：你要是對看門人提我的名字，他會放你進(jìn)去的。

誤用：Thirty thousand pounds’ worth of jewellery has been stolen from Jonathan Wild and Company, the jewellers. The thieves broke into the flat above some time during Sunday night and entered into the shop by cutting a hole in the ceiling.

正確：Thirty thousand pounds’ worth of jewellery has been stolen from Jonathan Wild and Company, the jewellers. The thieves broke into the flat above some time during Sunday night and entered the shop by cutting a hole in the ceiling.

說明：enter 表示“進(jìn)入”某個具體的地方時是及物動詞，所以后接賓語時無需用任何介詞，即誤用句中的 about 為多余的。

句意：珠寶商店喬納森•威爾德公司價值三萬英鎊的珠寶被盜。竊賊約在星期日夜間某時潛入樓上的一套房子，然后在商店的天花板上挖洞進(jìn)入商店。

誤用：She met and eventually married with a man considerably younger than herself who claimed to be a pilot with Air France. In point of fact he was a chauffeur working for a car-hire firm.

正確：She met and eventually married a man considerably younger than herself who claimed to be a pilot with Air France. In point of fact he was a chauffeur working for a car-hire firm.

說明：動詞 marry 可以表示“與……結(jié)婚”，即其后直接跟“某人”，無需借助任何介詞，即誤用句中的 with 為多余的。

句意：她遇上了一名年齡比她小得多，并自稱是法國航空公司飛行員的年青人，并最終與之成婚。實際上，他只是個租車公司的司機(jī)。

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