◆whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever & however

1. 它們都可用來引導狀語從句(讓步狀語從句)，其大意為“無論什么(是誰、哪一個、什么時候、什么地方、如何)”等，相當于英語中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。如：

Whatever [No matter what] you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。

Whoever [No matter who] telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是誰打電話，都說我出去了。

Whichever [No matter which] day you come, I’ll be pleasedto see you. 無論你哪天來，我都歡迎。

Whenever [No matter when] you come, you are welcome. 你什么時候來，我們都歡迎。

We found the people friendly wherever [no matter where] we went. 無論我們走到哪里，我們都發現人們很友好。

However [No matter how] much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少，他都不發胖。

注：有時從句謂語可用情態動詞：

無論他在哪里，我都要找到他。

正：I’ll find him, wherever he is.

正：I’ll find him, wherever he may be.

無論發生什么事都要保持冷靜。

正：Keep calm, whatever happens.

正：Keep calm, whatever may happen.

另外，whoever 的賓格也是 whoever, 而不是 whomever, 后者在現代英語已基本不用，有的詞典已不收錄此詞。如：

Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟誰結婚，

他一定要會做飯才行。

2. 除引導狀語從句外，whatever, whoever, whichever等還可引導名詞性從句(主語從句或賓語從句)。如：

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就說什么。

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 誰違反這些規則都將受到處罰。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 請想要這票，我就把它給誰。

Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪個隊得分最多，哪個隊就贏。

Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我們當中無論哪個先到家，哪個就先開始做飯。

3. 有時用于加強語氣，含有“究竟”、“到底”之義。如：

Whatever [What ever] do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?

Whenever [When ever] did you find time to do it? 你什么時候有空做這事?

Wherever [Where ever] can the children be? 孩子們究竟會在哪里呢?

Whoever [Who ever] told you that? 到底是誰告訴你的呢?

Whichever [Which ever] did you choose? 你到底選了哪個?

However [How ever] did you escape? 你到底是怎樣逃出來的?

◆which & that pron.

兩者都可用作關系代詞引導定語從句，指物時有時可互換。如：

Did you see the letter that [which] came today? 你看到今天來的那封信了嗎?

This is the book which [that] I told you about. 這就是我曾跟你談起過的那本書。

但要注意，下列情況一般不宜換用：

1. 通常只用 which 的場合:

(1) 引導非限制性定語從句時:

I lost my watch, which is not found yet. 我把表丟了，到現在還沒有找到。

He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改變了主意，這使我們大家很生氣。

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