13. announce 

(1) to tell people sth officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc

[v that] We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.

[vn that] It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.

(2) to give information about sth in a public place, especially through a loudspeaker

[v that] They announced that the flight would be delayed. 

(3) to say sth in a loud and/or serious way 

[v that] She announced that she’d given up smoking.

14. answer   to say, write or do sth as a reaction to a question or situation  

[v that] She answered that she would prefer to walk.

[vn that] He answered me that he had never been there.

15. anticipate   to expect sth

[v that] We anticipate that sales will rise next year.

[vn that] It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at 3%.

16. appal  (BrE) (NAmE appall) to shock sb very much     

[vn that] It appalled me that they could simply ignore the problem.

17. appoint   to order or command 

[v (that) ]  I told every cabinet member and every staff member that I appointed that I wanted to hear from them without any shading on all of the issues that we faced and the decisions that had to be made.

18. appreciate  (not used in the progressive tenses) to understand that sth is true.

[v that] We didn’t fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.

19. argue to give reasons why you think that sth is right / wrong, true / not true, etc., especially to persuade people that you are right

[v that] He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.

Some would argue that they be actively encouraged to do so …

Feminists argue that women should not be so dependent on the opinion of men.

[vn that] It could be argued that laws are made by and for men. 

20. arrange  to plan or organize sth in advance.

[v that] I’ve arranged that we can borrow their car.

It was arranged that the party would gather for lunch in the Royal Garden Hotel.

Brigadier Smithson, who was apparently due to go on leave the next day, rang Southern Command and managed to arrange that he should go straight to London by train after the conference.

21. ascertain  (formal) to find out the true or correct information about sth. 

[v that] I ascertained that the driver was not badly hurt.

[vn that] It should be ascertained that the plans comply with the law. 

22. ask  to tell sb that you would like them to do sth or that you would like sth to happen

[v that] (formal) She asked that she be kept informed of developments.

The trustees asked that Parliament should not confer such powers on them.

23. assert  to state clearly and firmly that sth is true

[v that] She continued to assert that she was innocent. 

[vn that] It is commonly asserted that older people prefer to receive care from family members.

24. assume  to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it

[v (that) ] It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.

Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 

She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.

[vn that] It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 

25. assure 

(1) to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it.

[vn (that) ] You think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did not.

We were assured that everything possible was being done. 

(2) to make yourself certain about sth

[vn that] She assured herself that the letter was still in the drawer.

26. astonish  to surprise sb very much

[vn (that) ] It astonishes me (that) he could be so thoughtless.

27. attest (formal)

(1) to show or prove that sth is true.

[v that] I can personally attest that the cold and flu season is here….

(2) to state that you believe that sth is true or genuine, for example in court.

[v that] The deceased’s solicitor, Eustace Tolby, attested that Newley was on the verge of instituting divorce proceedings against his wife.

28. authorize  (BrE also authorise) to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth.

[v that] It is therefore recommended to authorise that the necessary steps be undertaken.

When first passed in 1911, the mothers’ pension law authorized that public funds could be provided to parents for the support of their underage children.

Pope Gregory authorized that ten days be excised from the year 1582-October 5 through October 14-and decreed that leap days not be added in centennial years not divisible by 400.

29. aver  (formal) to state firmly and strongly that sth is true.

[v that] She averred that she had never seen the man before.

30. avow  (formal) to say firmly and often publicly what your opinion is, what you think is true, etc.

[v that] An aide avowed that the President had known nothing of the deals. 

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