【現在分詞作定語】

現在分詞作定語，說明被修飾語和現在分詞是“主謂關系”。既如此，就可以擴展為一個定語從句，該定語從句多為進行時態。例如：

a sleeping baby → a baby who is sleeping.

a barking dog→ a dog that is barking

flying birds → birds that are flying

smiling faces →faces that are smiling

a floating boat → a boat that is floating

falling leaves → leaves that are falling

boiling water → water that is boiling

the setting sun → the sun that is setting

the rising sun → the sun that is rising

the coming week → the week that will come

the following questions→ the questions that follow

running water → water that is running

a developing country→ a country that is developing

the suffering people → people who are suffering

a missing child→ a child who is missing

現在分詞短語作定語，都是置于被修飾語之后。單個的現在分詞作定語跟動名詞作定語，一般都置于被修飾詞之前。正確判斷是哪種形式作定語，有利于我們理解詞組甚至整個句子的準確含義。

但有時這種區別并不明顯，比如a sewing machine（縫紉機）可以理解為a machine for sewing，或者a machine which can sew; a hunting dog（獵狗）可以理解為a dog for hunting，或者a dog that hunts。前一種解釋是看作動名詞，后一種解釋是看作現在分詞。

（二）動名詞作表語和現在分詞作表語

1. Her job is looking after children.

2. Her job is boring.

句1的意思是：“她的工作是照料孩子。”這是動名詞短語looking after children作表語。因為is是系動詞，主語和表語是平等的并列關系，所以可以互換而意思保持不變：Looking after children is her job.　

句2的意思是：“她的工作很無聊。” 這是現在分詞boring作表語，表明boring具備了形容詞的作用。由于它是由使令性動詞bore變化而來，具有很強的主動使令意味。所以，可以轉換為一個主謂賓的句子：Her job bores her. “她的工作令她厭倦。”

因為動名詞幾乎具備了名詞的全部語法特征，所以既然名詞能作表語，那么動名詞完全可以作表語。例如：

His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的業余愛好是集郵。

His ambition is working as a lawyer. 他的抱負是當律師。

The only way to cure your disease is going to bed. 治療你的病的唯一辦法是上床睡覺。

Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是給辦公室保潔。

Her work is teaching children music. 她的工作是教孩子音樂。

His only wish is finding a job in an office. 他唯一的愿望就是找一份辦公室的工作。

The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. 蟻后的專職工作是產卵。

The boy’s hobby is playing games online. 這個男孩的愛好就是玩網上游戲。

My favourite sport is playing tennis.我最喜歡的運動是打網球。

Her first delight was going to the Tower. 她第一個想做的事情是參觀倫敦塔。

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