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《高中英語慣用法詞典》 |
作者:TJG 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2011-06-09 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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◆able adj. 1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表語或定語。如: He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的經理。 He is old but still able. 他雖年老,但仍有很能干。 2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或會做做某事)。如: He is able to speak English. 他會說英語。 Everyone here is able to type. 這兒的每一個人都會打字。 He will be able to get about in a week or two. 再過一兩個星期左右他就能走動了。 He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他學習很努力,所以考試及了格。 注:be able to 不僅有多種時態形式(通常不用于進行時或與 be going to 連用),而且還可以與某些情態動詞連用(通常不與 can 連用),甚至還可以有非謂語形式。如: Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能離開家。 You might be able to persuade him. 你也許能夠說服他。 I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了這項工作。 I regret not being able to help her. 我很遺憾未能幫助她。 3. able 的比較級和最高級通常是 abler 和 ablest,也可以是 more able 和 most able,有時還可用 better able和best able。如: You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做這件事。 She’s the person best able to cope. 她是個最能妥善處理問題的人。 4. 若要加強語氣,其前除可very, quite, perfectly等修飾外,有時還可用well修飾。如: He is quite [well] able to take care of himself. 他完全有能力照顧自己。 He’s a very able student; he’s just too lazy. 他是個很有能力的學生,只是太懶了。 若受just, only just修飾,則表示“只能”“僅能”。如: I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. 我只能看見遠處有個黑影。 5. able的反義詞是unable(不能的,不會的),不是disable,后者是動詞,其意為“使殘廢”“使無能力”。比較: They were unable to reach a decision. 他們沒法做出決定。 Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因為他殘廢了,他的房子就成了他的牢籠。 ◆about prep. & adv. 1. 表示“大約”,通常用于數字前。如: It costs about $10. 這需10美元左右。 He arrived at about 10 o’clock. 他大約10點鐘到達。 2. 在動詞 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介詞 about, 含義有差別。如: I have heard about him, but I don’t know him. 我聽到過一些關于他的事,但不認識他這個人。 I’ve heard of him, but I don’t know about him. 我聽說過他,但我不知道有關他的情況。 試比較: He knows her. 他認識她。 He knows of her. 他知道有她這樣一個人。 He knows about her. 他知道有關她的情況。 3. be about to (do),意為“即將”、“馬上”。注意該短語不與具體的時間狀語(如:soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)連用。如: We are about to leave for 不說:He is about to leave here tomorrow. 注意該短語可與并列連詞 when(這時)連用。如: I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡覺,這時電話鈴突然響了起來。 在美國英語中,be about to do sth 的否定式,可表示“不愿意做某事”。如: I am not about to admit defeat. 我還不想認輸。 4. about和on均可表示“關于”,但about主要指泛泛地或非正式地談論某事,其談論的內容也較為普通;而on則指比較有系統地或理論性較強地論述某事,其論述的內容較正式或較嚴肅。比較: He wrote on mathematics. 他撰寫數學著作。 He wrote about the school. 他報道有關這所學校的情況。 It is a book on birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書。(可能是一本學術著作) It is a book about birds. 那是一本關于鳥的書。(可能是一本供小孩看的關于鳥類的故事書) 5. 注意不要按漢語意思,在一些及物動詞后誤加介詞 about,而在一些不及物動詞后該加 about 時卻漏加。如: 他沒什么不滿吧? 誤:He has nothing to complain, does he? 正:He has nothing to complain about, does he? 析:表示抱怨某事時,complain 不及物,其后需接介詞 about 或 of 再帶名詞或代詞作賓語。(本句中 about 的邏輯賓語是 nothing) 我們會盡快討論此事的。 誤:We'll discuss about it as soon as possible. 正:We'll discuss it as soon as possible. 析:discuss(討論)為及物動詞,后接賓語時,無需用介詞。類似地,英語說 consider sth, 而不說 consider about sth;可說 doubt sth, 而不說 doubt about sth;可說 explain sth,而不說 explain about sth;可說 report sth,而不說 report about sth;等等。 |
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