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內(nèi)部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(12) |
作者:TJG 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2012-06-02 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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◆place n. 1. 表示“地方”,后接不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語時(shí),可以不用介詞。如: He has no place to live (in). 他沒有地方住。 There is no place to go (to). 沒有地方去。 由于以上原因,后接定語從句時(shí),有時(shí)也可將關(guān)系副詞 where改為 that 或省略,或?qū)⑵浜笥嘘P(guān)介詞省略。如: This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 這就是我們昨天碰頭的地方。 She talked to us about all the places she had been (to). 她給我們談起了她所去過的所有地方。 但若不是 place 而是其它名詞,則不能省略其后必用的介詞。 誤:He has no room to live. (應(yīng)在 live 后加 in) 誤:There is no room to sleep. (應(yīng)在 sleep 后加 in) 2. 比較 in place of 和 take the place of:兩者均可以表示“代替”,前者為介詞短語,而后者為動(dòng)詞短語。如: Who is here in place of the manager? 誰在這里代理經(jīng)理? Who will take the place of the manager? 誰將代替經(jīng)理? 3. 比較 take place 和 take the place of:前者意為“發(fā)生”(不及物,不能跟有賓語,也不能有被動(dòng)語態(tài)),后者意為“代替”。如: Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1978. 1978 年以來我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 The helicopter may take the place of the car some day. 也許有一天直升飛機(jī)會(huì)取代汽車。 ◆plan n. & v. 1. 用作名詞,表示“計(jì)劃”、“打算”、“辦法”等,是可數(shù)名詞;要表示做某事的計(jì)劃、打算、辦法等,其后通常接不定式或 for(有時(shí)是 of)短語。如: The police have a plan to catch the thief. 警察有一個(gè)捉拿那個(gè)小偷的計(jì)劃。 They have a special plan to make [for making, of making]money. 他有賺錢的特殊辦法。 注:以下各句 plan 均用了復(fù)數(shù)形式,但不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義: What are your plans for the holidays? 你假期打算干什么? Thank you for your advice, but we have our own plans. 謝謝你給我們提的意見,但我們有我們的計(jì)劃。 Everyone made plans for going abroad. 每個(gè)人都制定了出國(guó)計(jì)劃。 I wonder why he changed his plans at the last moment. 我不知他為什么在最后一刻改變了主意。 2. 用作動(dòng)詞,意為“打算”、“計(jì)劃”等;表示“打算做某事”時(shí),其后可接 to do sth 或 on doing sth。如: I had planned to do [on doing] some work this afternoon. 我曾計(jì)劃今天下午要做些工作。 注:plan for [on] sth 意為“為某事作好準(zhǔn)備”。如: We hadn’t planned on [for] so many guests. 我們沒指望會(huì)有這么多客人。 ◆plastic adj. & n. 1. 用作形容詞,意為“用塑料制的”。如:a plastic toy(塑料玩具),a plastic raincoat(塑料雨衣)等。 2. 用作名詞,指“塑料”或“塑料制品”,常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),作主語時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如: Plastics don’t rust like metal. 塑料不象金屬那樣生銹。 注:有時(shí)也用單數(shù)形式,表示“可塑性物質(zhì)(即塑料)”。比較: 塑料有時(shí)可以代替皮革。 正:Plastics are sometimes used instead of leather. 正:Plastic is sometimes used instead of leather. 3. 比較形容詞作定語和名詞作定語時(shí)含義上的區(qū)別: a plastic watch 塑料手表(指用塑料做的手表) plastics industry 塑料工業(yè) |
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