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內部講義:常考詞的語法與用法(13) |
作者:TJG 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2012-06-02 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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2. 比較下面兩句因所用介詞不同,所導致的意思改變: We reduced the price by 40 percent. 我們把價格降低了40%。 We reduced the price to 40 percent. 我們把價格降低到40%。 3. 與介詞 to 連用,表示“使陷入某種狀態”、“使變成”等。如: Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。 This reduced her to silence (tears). 這使她無話可說(哭了起來)。 ◆refer v. 1. 用作不及物動詞,主要用于 refer to, 主要用法有: (1) 表示“提到”、“談到”。如: Don’t refer to the matter again. 不要再談這事了。 (2) 表示“意指”、“指……而言”。如: I don’t know what she referred to. 我不知她指的是什么。 When I said some people are stupid, I wasn’t referring to you. 我說有些人很愚蠢,并不是指你。 (3) 表示“查閱”、“參考”、“看”。如: You can refer to your notes when you are speaking. 你發言時可以看稿子。 If you don’t know what this word means, refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道這個詞的意思,查一下詞典吧。 (4) 表示“適用于”、“與……有關”。如: The regulations refer only to children. 這些規定只適用于小孩。 What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要說的事與你們大家都有關。 2. 用作及物動詞,表示“歸功于”、“使……參考或查詢”等,若其賓語后需要接介詞通常還是 to。如: He referred his wealth to hard work. 他說他是勤勞致富。 He referred me to the Enquiry Office. 他要我去找問訊處。 比較下面的句子: He referred to the dictionary. 他查了字典。 He referred me to the dictionary. 他叫我查字典。 ◆refuse v. 1. 表示“拒絕”,若后接名詞或代詞作賓語,通常表示拒絕接受某物;若后接雙賓語,則通常表示給予某物。如: He refused the money. 他拒絕收錢。 He refused her nothing. 她要什么他就給什么。 注:雙賓語易位時,通常用介詞 to。如: We refused him admittance. /We refused admittance to him. 我們不讓他入場。 2. 表示拒絕做某事,其后可接不定式,但是不接動名詞、不定式的復合結構或 that從句。如: 他拒絕我用他的詞典。 正:He refused to let me use his dictionary. 誤:He refused me to use his dictionary. 誤:He refused my using his dictionary. 誤:He refused that I should use his dictionary. |
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