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4.3.4 關系代詞that 與關系副詞where 的區別
關系副詞where引導的關系從句可以放在表示地點的名詞如place, house, street, town, country之后，相當于 “介詞+which”。例如：
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? (相當于Do you know a shop at which I can find sandals?)
The house where I used to live has been knocked down.
試比較：
This is the room in which I was born. (正式)
This is the room (that) I was born in. (非正式) (Michael Swan著的Practical English Usage (Third Edition 2005) P762)
So this is the room where Hemingway wrote in the morning? (BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/)
This is the place he works.
This is the place where he works.
This is the place at which he works.
This is the place that he works at.
(潘歡懷《現代英語實用句法》(北京師范大學出版社 1984年9月第1版)p463)
關系副詞where引導的關系從句也可以放在含有地點意義的抽象名詞如situation, point等之后。例如：
Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.
He has reached the point where a change is needed.
那么，在關系從句中，關系代詞that能像替代關系副詞when那樣替代關系副詞where嗎？
Michael Swan在Practical English Usage (Third Edition 2005) p761指出: somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere 和place之后的where 也常常由that來代替或省略，但是其它詞不可以。例如：
Have you got somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?
We need a place (that) we can stay for a few days?
但在 章振邦 教授等主編的《新編英語語法》(第三版)(上海譯文出版社1997年1月第3版)P1411卻有：
That is the garden where he sunbathes.
That is the garden (that) he sunbathes in.
That is the garden in which he sunbathes. (正式語體)
另外，John Eastwood在 Oxford Guide to English Grammar (Seventh impression 2002)p365指出：
1. Instead of a clause with where, we can often use one with a preposition.
The house (that) I used to live in has been knocked down.
2. We can use where without a noun.
Where I used to live has been knocked down.
但是，不可以改為：﹡That I used to live in has been knocked down.
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