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4.4.2 分裂句(cleft sentence)強調的成分
a. 強調主語
①主語指人，可以用that或who，否則只能用that。例如：
It was John who/that wore a white suit at the dance last night.
It was a bouquet of roses that was left to us.
It is what he said that is very important.
It is what he said that I failed to recall.
It was a letter (that) came this morning. (黃永安 主編《新編大學英語語法》(華中理工大學出版社 1997年3月第1版)P429)
It was a police officer that signaled him to stop. ([日] 綿貫陽等著《現代英語語法例解手冊》(修訂版)) (申勇譯 科學出版社2006年2月第1版)p172 [強調句子結構])
② 主語是人稱代詞，一般用主格，在非正式文體中也可以用賓格。例如：
It is I/me who am to blame.
It’s I who runs this school, not you.
It wasn’t me that made fun of him.
b. 強調賓語
①強調直接賓語。如果賓語指人，可以用whom 或who替代that，若賓語指物，有時可以用which代替that。例如：
It was John and his brother that /who/whom we met in the park last week.
It was a new pen that/which Mother gave me.
②強調間接賓語 例如：
It is me that/who/whom he gave the book.
但是It is me he gave the book to.和 It is to me he gave the book.更常用，所以間接賓語常常被介詞賓語所代替。
③強調介詞賓語 例如：
It was the children that he gave the apples to.
It was to me that Mother gave a new pen. (正式文體)
It was me that Mother gave a new pen to. (非正式的，但常用的文體)
It was to me that she showed the picture.
It was Miss Wang that he sent the postcards to.
It is for you that I bought this dictionary.
c. 強調狀語
①強調時間狀語
A. 強調一般時間狀語 例如：
It is this afternoon that I have a meeting.
It is at ten that the train leaves.
B.強調延續性的像for a long time 之類的時間狀語，必須改用It is/was … since句型，而且句中有些詞語要作相應的改動。例如：
It is a long time since we met last.
How long is it since you were in London ?
C. 強調時間狀語從句 例如：
It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.
It was not until 1972 that we began studying English.
I was after I entered the university that I came to know how to behave myself properly.
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