4.4.2　分裂句(cleft sentence)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分　　

a. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)　　

①主語(yǔ)指人，可以用that或who，否則只能用that。例如：　　

It was John who/that wore a white suit at the dance last night.　　

It was a bouquet of roses that was left to us.　　

It is what he said that is very important.　　

It is what he said that I failed to recall.　　

It was a letter (that) came this morning. (黃永安 主編《新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》(華中理工大學(xué)出版社 1997年3月第1版)P429)　　

It was a police officer that signaled him to stop. ([日] 綿貫陽(yáng)等著《現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法例解手冊(cè)》(修訂版)) (申勇譯 科學(xué)出版社2006年2月第1版)p172 [強(qiáng)調(diào)句子結(jié)構(gòu)])　　

② 主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，一般用主格，在非正式文體中也可以用賓格。例如：　　

It is I/me who am to blame.　　

It’s I who runs this school, not you.　　

It wasn’t me that made fun of him.　　

b. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)　　

①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)。如果賓語(yǔ)指人，可以用whom 或who替代that，若賓語(yǔ)指物，有時(shí)可以用which代替that。例如：　　

It was John and his brother that /who/whom we met in the park last week.　　

It was a new pen that/which Mother gave me.　　

②強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)  例如：　　

It is me that/who/whom he gave the book.　　

但是It is me he gave the book to.和 It is to me he gave the book.更常用，所以間接賓語(yǔ)常常被介詞賓語(yǔ)所代替。　　

③強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞賓語(yǔ)  例如：　　

It was the children that he gave the apples to.　　

It was to me that Mother gave a new pen. (正式文體)　　

It was me that Mother gave a new pen to. (非正式的，但常用的文體)　　

It was to me that she showed the picture.　　

It was Miss Wang that he sent the postcards to.　　

It is for you that I bought this dictionary.　　

c. 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)　　

①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)　　

A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 例如：　　

It is this afternoon that I have a meeting.　　

It is at ten that the train leaves.　　

B.強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性的像for a long time 之類的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須改用It is/was … since句型，而且句中有些詞語(yǔ)要作相應(yīng)的改動(dòng)。例如：　　

It is a long time since we met last.　　

How long is it since you were in 　　London　　?　　

C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 例如：　　

It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.　　

It was not until 1972 that we began studying English.　　

I was after I entered the university that I came to know how to behave myself properly.　　

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