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二、詞法問題

（一）搭配問題

英語是一種非常注重搭配的語言。英語中的搭配主要有兩大類：語法搭配和詞匯搭配。語法搭配是動詞、名詞、形容詞與介詞、不定式、分詞短語的搭配。詞匯搭配包括主謂搭配、動賓搭配、動詞與副詞的搭配、形容詞與名詞的搭配等。另外，英語的動詞有及物與不及物之分，名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分，它們在用法上存在區(qū)別。而這些往往是中國英語學(xué)習(xí)者容易忽視的問題。

1. In the early years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China those two methods still prevailed over most of the schools and universities until in 1960’s a new method, i.e. listening and speaking first was introduced to some key foreign languages institutes and then followed other advanced methods from the West after the “Cultural Revolution”. (p.5)

【問題分析】prevailed over most of the schools and universities存在搭配不當(dāng)問題。動詞prevail有兩種搭配習(xí)慣：（1）與over連用，后接同性質(zhì)的名詞，表示比較，意思是“勝過”，如The east wind prevails over the west wind.（東風(fēng)壓倒西風(fēng)。）（2）與in/among搭配，意思是“盛行”，如A belief in magic still prevails among some tribes.（某些部族至今仍然相信魔法。）在本句中，該詞屬于前一種用法，因此，prevailed over most of the schools and universities應(yīng)改為prevailed in most of the schools and universities。另外，1960’s 應(yīng)改為1960s；until in 1960’s a new method, i.e. listening and speaking first was introduced中的i.e. listening and speaking first是插入語，起補充說明作用，因此，其后應(yīng)添加一個逗號，即改為until in 1960s a new method, i.e. listening and speaking first, was introduced；and then followed other advanced methods from the West after the “Cultural Revolution”部分，如果筆者沒有理解錯誤的話，應(yīng)該是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即該句的主語是other advanced methods from the West，但這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是否符合英語規(guī)則，值得商榷。事實上，該句完全可以使用正常語序，即改為and then other advanced methods from the West followed after the “Cultural Revolution”。

2. For example, once a Chinese student met with a foreigner who was lost in his way back to his hotel. (p. 10)

【問題分析】in his way back to his hotel表達不地道，應(yīng)改為on his way back to his hotel。On one’s way to…（在去……的路上）是英語中的一種固定說法。

3. In terms of amalgamation, we mean putting two or more characters so as to make the words precise in meaning. (p. 16)

【問題分析】顯然，putting two or more characters 應(yīng)改為putting two or more characters together，才能在語義上說得通。

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