內(nèi)部講義：常考詞的語法與用法(09)

◆invite v.

1. 表示“邀請(qǐng)”，通常為及物動(dòng)詞，注意以下搭配：

(1) invite sb to [for] sth 邀請(qǐng)某人(參加)做某事

He invited me to dinner (a party, a wedding). 他邀請(qǐng)我參加宴會(huì)(晚會(huì)，婚禮)。

Why don’t you invite him for a drink (a meal, coffee)? 你為什么不邀請(qǐng)他喝一杯(吃餐飯，喝咖啡)?

(2) invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事

They invited her to go for a walk. 他們請(qǐng)她一起去散步。

I’ve been invited to speak at the meeting. 我受到邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上發(fā)言。

注：有時(shí)若意思明確可省略不定式。如：

He didn’t invite us (to come) in. 他沒有請(qǐng)我們進(jìn)屋。

He invited us (to come) to a party. 他邀請(qǐng)我們參加聚會(huì)。

有時(shí)以上幾類結(jié)構(gòu)可互換：

他邀請(qǐng)我們吃飯。

正：He invited us to [for] dinner.

正：He invited us to have dinner.

2. 有時(shí)不以人賓語，而以事作賓語。如：

Questions are invited after the lecture. 演講完之后歡迎提問。

有時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)指招致不好的東西(并非本意)。如：

Leaving the windows open is inviting thieves to enter. 窗戶不關(guān)猶如開門揖盜。

◆it pron.

1. 有時(shí)可用來指人，但主要限于指性別不明的嬰兒或指身份不明的人。如：

They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他們生了個(gè)孩子，很可愛。

Someone is knocking at the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲門，一定是吉姆。

注：下面這樣的句子也用 it 指人。如：

A：Who is it? 是誰呀?

B：It’s me, Mary. 是我瑪麗呀。

2. 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is (was)……that (who)……。如：

He bought a shirt at this shop yesterday. 昨天他在這家商店買了一件襯衫。

下面四句分別對(duì)上句主語、賓語、地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語的強(qiáng)調(diào)：

It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.

It was a shirt that he bought at this shop yesterday.

It was at this shop that he bought a shirt yesterday.

It was yesterday that he bought a shirt at this shop.

3. 用作形式主語或形式賓語:

(1) 當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語時(shí)，為了避免“頭重腳輕”，往往用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句子末尾。如：

It’s no use quarreling with her. 同她爭吵是沒有用的。

Is it important to keep the balance of nature. 保持自然平衡是很重要的。

It is said that there was a church here. 據(jù)說這里原來有座教堂。

(2) 當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等結(jié)構(gòu)用作賓語時(shí)，若其后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則往往使用 it作形式賓語，而把真正主語放在句末。如：

I don’t think it possible to finish it in a week. 我認(rèn)為要想在一周之內(nèi)完成它是不可能的。

He took it for granted that she loved him. 他想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他愛她。

4. 某些及物動(dòng)詞(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若沒有出現(xiàn)賓語，而直接跟 if/when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，要在從句前使用代詞 it。如：

She hates it when you use her books. 她討厭別人用她的書。

I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜歡她對(duì)我做事指手劃腳。

She doesn’t enjoy it when her husband drives fast. 她不喜歡她丈夫開快車。

I should much appreciate it if you would arrange thisfor us. 如果你能替我安排這事我將非常感激。

為他愛她。

4. 某些及物動(dòng)詞(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若沒有出現(xiàn)賓語，而直接跟 if/when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，要在從句前使用代詞 it。如：

She hates it when you use her books. 她討厭別人用她的書。

I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜歡她對(duì)我做事指手劃腳。

She doesn’t enjoy it when her husband drives fast. 她不喜歡她丈夫開快車。

I should much appreciate it if you would arrange thisfor us. 如果你能替我安排這事我將非常感激。

5. 在某些特殊表達(dá)中的使用。如：

It doesn’t matter. 沒關(guān)系。

It seems that he doesn’t love her. 似乎他并不愛她。

It happened that I didn’t meet her there. 碰巧我在那兒沒碰到她。

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