because, since, as & for

這四個詞都可用來表示原因，區別如下：

1. 關于 because：語氣最強，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的問題、引導表語從句、用于強調句等，而其余三者均不行。如：

A：Why didn’t he come? 他為什么沒來?

B：Because he was ill. 因為他病了。

It is because he is too busy. 那是因為他太忙了。

It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因為他誠實我才喜歡他。

2. 關于 since 與 as：

(1) 兩者所表示的原因都是人們已知的，即對已知事實提供理由，而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 語氣稍強，且比 as 略為正式，它們引導的從句通常放在主句之前，有時也放在主句之后。如：

As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那兒，我留了個口信。

Since you are wrong, you should apologize. 你既然錯了，就應該道歉。

(2) since 可用于省略句，而其他三者不行。如：

Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此，我無話可說。

3. 關于 for：是并列連詞(其余三者為從屬連詞)，它有時可表示因果關系(通常要放在主句之后，且可與 because 換用)； 有時不表示因果關系，而是對前面分句內容的解釋或推斷(也要放在主句之后，但不能與because 換用)。比較：

The ground is wet，for (＝because) it rained last night. 地面是濕的，因為昨晚下過雨。

It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下過雨，你看今天早上地面是濕的。(此句不能用 because 代 for)

4. 習慣表達：

漢語習慣上說“因為……所以……”，但是在英語里卻不能將 so 與because, since, as 等連用：

因為天氣很好，所以我們去游泳了。

誤：Because it was fine, so we went swimming.

正：Because it was fine, we went swimming.

正：It was fine, so we went swimming.

因為很遲了，所以我要回家了。

誤：Since it is late, so I shall go home now.

正：Since it is late, I shall go home now.

because & because of

1. because 是連詞，其后接句子；because of 是復合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞、what 從句等。如：

I didn’t buy it because it was too expensive. 我沒有買是因為它太貴了。

He is here because of you (that). 他為你(那事)而來這里。

He lost his job because of his age. 由于年齡關系他失去了工作。

We said nothing about it, because of his wife’s being there. 因為他妻子在那兒，我們對此只字未提。

He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因為他說的話。

注：because of 之后可接 what 從句，但不能接 that 從句或沒有引導詞的句子。如：

他因病未來。

誤：He didn’t come because of he was ill.

誤：He didn’t come because of that he was ill.

正：He didn’t come because he was ill.

正：He didn’t come because of his illness.

比較以下同義句：

他離開了這家公司，是因為老板在會上講的話。

正：He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting.

正：He left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting.

我不能因為有個家就停止斗爭。

正：I can’t stop fighting because I have a family.

正：I can’t stop fighting because of having a family.

2. because 所引導的從句除用作原因狀語外，還可用作表語。如：

It is because he loves you. 那是因為他愛你。

而復合介詞 because of 所引導的介詞短語通常用作狀語而不用作表語。如：

他因雨缺席。

誤：His absence was because of the rain.

正：His absence was due to the rain.

正：He was absent because of the rain.

但是有時若主語是代詞(不是名詞)，也可以用 because of 引出的短語作表語。如：

It is just because of money. 那只是因為錢的原因。

That was because of his sickness. 那是因為他生病的原因。

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