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5.7.1連詞that引導時間狀語從句

章振邦主編的《新編英語語法》(第三版) (上海譯文出版社1997年1月第3版) P1202認為：從屬連詞now(that) , 連詞immediately(=as soon as) , directly(=as soon as) , instantly(=as soon as) 以及表示時間的名詞詞組如the moment, the minute, the instant等可以引導時間狀語從句。

注：① Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (8th edition光盤版) 和Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (第5版 光盤版) 明確把immediately和directly標注為 conjunction；(日) 田中茂范等主編 楊文江等譯《外研社英漢多功能詞典》(外語與教學研究出版社2008年7月第1版) P1097也把instantly標注為連。

② Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (8th edition光盤版) 和Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (第5版 光盤版) 認為the moment, the minute, the instant之后省略了連詞that，即分別相當于the moment (that) , the minute (that) , the instant (that) 。

③黃關福主編的《英語中的省略》(商務印書館 1983年11月第1版) P46和張克禮編著的《英語中的省略現象》(天津人民出版社 1984年3月第1版) P182認為：immediately和directly之后省略了that。

④ Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009) 認為: instantly  b.3.b conjunctively (with or without that, †as) The moment that, as soon as.

Now (that) you’ve grown up, you must stop this childish behavior.

Immediately that the daylight was sufficient, he addressed himself to mathematical calculations which appeared exhaustive of every rule and branch of the disciplinary science.

Directly (that) he discovered her, he turned away.

The poor lady was actually dead almost instantly that she perpetrated the fatal deed.   

The moment that the Senate learned that the ABA wanted economic sanctions, everything changed.

We urge these people to fight this man that we call Hitler. The minute that they did so, we turned our back on them.

The instant that Sissy shuts the door the cowgirl chauffeur floors the Cadillac and it lurches away in a puff of dust.

5.7.2連詞that引導原因狀語從句

5.7.2.1連詞that引導原因狀語從句

根據趙俊英編著的《英語副詞用法•轉換形式詞典》(山東友誼出版社 1999年10月第1版) P831, that從句位于表示情感、欲望、知覺、信心等意義的形容詞之后，可以看作是原因狀語從句。常用的形容詞有：afraid, anxious, ashamed, certain, confident, content, delighted, disappointed, glad, happy, proud, satisfied, sorry, sure, surprised, upset等。例如：

We were afraid (that) we were going to capsize the boat.

I’m anxious that we get there on time because I don’t think there’ll be many seats left.

I was ashamed that I’d made so little effort.

The police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack.

Are you confident that enough people will attend the event?

When they are content that you are not a threat, they will go about their business as you go about yours.

I’m absolutely delighted that you can come.

She was disappointed (that) they hadn’t phoned.

I’m glad (that) you came.

I’m so happy (that) everything is working out for you.

I was so proud (that) my son had been chosen for the national team.

The judge was satisfied (that) she was telling the truth.

I’m sorry (that) you had such a difficult journey.

I feel absolutely sure (that) you’ve made the right decision.

I’m not surprised (that) he didn’t keep his promise.

He was very upset that you didn’t reply to his letters.

楊元興主編的《英語句型大全》(上海外語教育出版社2007年3月第1版) P868認為：作為從屬連詞，that可以引導原因狀語從句。that從句的前面常是表示情感的形容詞或-ed分詞，常見的有：sorry, angry，glad, proud, afraid, content, thankful, overjoyed, amazed, annoyed, irritated, surprised, ashamed, disappointed, delighted, pleased, worried, hurt, satisfied等。從句說明產生某種感情或情緒的原因。引導從句的that相當于because，在口語中可以省略。例如：

They feel angry that their complaints were ignored.

I was thankful that the meeting didn’t last long, because I had a train to catch.

I’m overjoyed that you’re coming to visit me.

I’m amazed (that) she didn’t complain.

My parents were rather annoyed (that) I hadn’t told them about the accident.

She was irritated that the gum she was chewing had lost its flavor and that the thong she was wearing had run so far up her ass, it was difficult to walk.

We’re so pleased that you’re able to come to the wedding.

In fact, she was worried that George might be little Caylee’s father.

接著，在P868上又說：并非所有“be+形容詞”之后的that從句都是原因狀語從句，有些這類從句在概念上更接近賓語，因而被一些語法家看作賓語從句。例如：

We are sure (=know for sure) that we shall succeed.

We are fully confident (=believe) that we can overcome these difficulties.

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