so that 既引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，它們之間的區(qū)別除了根據(jù)上下文意義判定外，還可以從結(jié)構(gòu)形式上進(jìn)行區(qū)分：

(1) 從句前有無停頓或逗號(hào)

在so that從句之前，在口語中有停頓，在文字中有逗號(hào)，則為結(jié)果狀語從句，否則為目的狀語從句。試比較：

We all arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly. (結(jié)果)

We’ll come at eight so (that) the meeting can begin promptly.(目的)

It rained hard, so (that) I didn’t bother to water the lawn. (結(jié)果)

I watered the lawn so (that) it would grow. (目的)

(2) 從句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

有時(shí)，由so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號(hào)，這時(shí)就要看從句中有沒有can, may, could, might, will , would should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如果有，則多半是目的狀語；如果沒有則多半為結(jié)果狀語。試比較：

I am gong to the lecture early so that I’ll get a good seat. (目的)

I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. (目的)

(3) 從句可否移至句首

目的狀語從句可以移至句首，而結(jié)果狀語從句不可以，只能置于句末。例如：

We keep regular records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data. (目的)

從句移至句首：So that we may have enough data, we keep regular records on all the experiments

John spoke through a microphone so that he was heard in every room. (結(jié)果)

不可從句移至句首：﹡So that he was heard in every room，John spoke through a microphone

5.that 以便；為了；為的是

在現(xiàn)代英語中that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句較少，通常被so that 或in order that所取代。

We must keep ourselves healthy that we may study and work well.

They are hurrying that (so that/ in order that) they may not miss the train.

6. to the effect that 以便；目的在于

He started early to the effect that he might get there in time.

7. to the end that 為了；為的是；以便

We criticized his mistakes to the end that they may not be repeated.

注：杜永文編著的《高階英語語法》(第三版) (中國對(duì)外翻譯出版公司 2007年7月第1版) P281認(rèn)為 in case (that) 以防；免得 作為從屬連詞短語，可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。例如：He spoke under his breath in case that he should wake his grandma.

5.7.5 連詞that引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句

根據(jù)趙俊英編著的《英語副詞用法•轉(zhuǎn)換形式詞典》(山東友誼出版社 1999年10月第1版) P833-834和章振邦主編的《新編英語語法》(第三版) (上海譯文出版社1997年1月第3版) P1229-1230, 以下包含that的復(fù)合連詞可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

1. assuming that  假設(shè)；假若

Assuming that the weight and specific gravity of a body are known, you can calculate its volume.

Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

注：對(duì)于assuming that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句有以下兩種看法：

(1) assuming that引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句

① 趙俊英編著的《英語副詞用法•轉(zhuǎn)換形式詞典》(山東友誼出版社 1999年10月第1版) P833：assuming that作“假設(shè)；假若”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，如以上兩例。

②許祖嶧主編的《英語從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞》(四川人民出版社 1984年6月第1版) P29：assuming that，復(fù)合從屬連詞，意思是“假若”、“設(shè)想”(taking  as being true, if) ，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。它與given that, granted that, presuming that等結(jié)構(gòu)意思相當(dāng)，一般可以換用。例如：

Assuming that he is innocent, he must be set free.

Assuming (that) this is true, you are still in the wrong.

③靳梅林等主編的《英語連接詞》(河北教育出版社 1989年4月第1版) P93：assuming 是一個(gè)分詞連詞，多與that連用，其意義與supposing that相同，引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句多置于句首。例如：

Assuming (=Presuming) that he is innocent, he must be set free.

④李慰萱主編的《英語連詞用法辨析》(福建教育出版社 1988年12月第1版) P 42：assuming (that) 從屬連詞，相當(dāng)于if，作“假如”，“假定”解，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，that常省略。例如：

Assuming (that) you are a traveller, an innkeeper is bound to receive you at any hours of day or night.

(2) assuming that既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句

①孟德杰主編《英語關(guān)聯(lián)詞詞典》(中國國際廣播出版社 1991年11月北京第1版) P20：assuming that 

I.【邊連】【引：讓步】假定，若，就算，即使

Assuming this is true, you are still in the wrong.

II.【邊連】【引：條件】估計(jì)，以為

Assuming that the lieutenant was still in the terminal, Mel had him paged…

②李秀芹等主編的《大學(xué)英語關(guān)連詞用法精編》(天津大學(xué)出版社 1999年6月第1版) P41: assuming (that) 邊際從屬連詞

1.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 taking as being true 假若，就算，即使 例如：

Assuming that he is innocent, he must be set free.

Assuming that this is true, you are still in the wrong.

Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句  supposing that  如果，估計(jì)例如：

Assuming that I see him, what shall I tell him?

2. but that 除非；若不是；如果不

But that I personally saw it, I could hardly have believed it.

The little girl would have fallen into the river but that the man caught her.

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