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王國棟編著的《大學英語深層語法》(清華大學出版社2005年1月第1版) P680-68認為：①表達思想感情的形容詞：glad, pleased, relieved, sorry, angry, delighted, sad…屬于原因狀語從句。

②表示渴望、信心等的形容詞/分詞：afraid, anxious, aware, certain, confident, conscious, convinced,…也屬于原因狀語從句。

5.7.2.2包含that的連詞引導原因狀語從句

根據趙俊英編著的《英語副詞用法•轉換形式詞典》(山東友誼出版社 1999年10月第1版) P830和章振邦主編的《新編英語語法》(第三版) (上海譯文出版社1997年1月第3版) P1213-1216, 以下包含that的復合連詞可以引導原因狀語從句。

1.by reason that 因為；由于……理由

They gave a wonderful performance by reason that they had good organization.

2. by the means that 由于

They succeeded in treatment by the means that they took all necessary measures in time.

3.considering that  由于；因為

Considering (that) his wife had just recovered from a bad cold, he decided not to take her to the party.

4.for that 由于

He could not walk for that his legs were seriously injured.

5.for the reason that 因為；由于……理由

We won’t support them for the reason that they are in the wrong.

6. in that 【主要用于正式文體】既然；因為；在于

I prefer his plan to yours, in that I think it is more practical.

注：李慰萱主編《英語連詞用法辨析》(福建教育出版社 1988年12月第1版) P88認為：in that 從屬連詞，引導原因狀語從句和限制性方式狀語從句。

(1) 引導原因狀語從句，和because, since同義，作“因為”，“既然”解，從句和主句在邏輯上是直接的因果關系。從句可置于句首。例如：

In that he killed Abel, he was a murderer.

(2) 引導限制性方式狀語從句，等于insofar as，作“在于”，“在這點上”，“在這方面”，“就這點而論”等解。從句含有限制主句的意義，使之局限在某一特殊情況下，從句置于主句后。例如：

The airfoil differs from other bodies in that the air exerts a useful force on it, as well as a harmful one.

有時, in that引導的從句既有“限制”的意思，又表示“原因”，可看作限制性方式狀語從句，又可看作原因狀語從句。例如：

A solid is different from a liquit in that the solid has definite shape.

in that引導的從句是限制性方式狀語從句還是原因狀語從句，有時要根據句子上下文具體情況來判斷。

另外，趙振才編著的《英語常見問題解答大詞典》(增訂版) (世界圖書西安出版公司2005年3月第1版) P656雖然沒有明確表示in that既引導原因狀語從句，又可以限制性方式狀語從句，但卻明確表示in that有時可以譯為“因為”，有時可以譯為“在……方面”(in this respect) 。譯為“在……方面”的例句有：

Men differ from bruters in that they can think and speak. 人與獸不同之處，在于人能夠思維和說話。

A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own. 烏龜不同于其它爬行動物之處在于它能軀體藏在自身的保護殼內。

7.not that… but that 不是因為……而是因為

I haven’t finished writing the report, not that I dislike the work, but that I have not time.

8.now that 【主要用于說明一種新情況，主從句因果關系很小】 既然；由于；因為

Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.

注：孟德杰主編《英語關連詞詞典》(中國國際廣播出版社 1991年11月北京第1版) P74-75認為：

now (that) I.【復連】【引：條件】 既然

We’d better have our talk out, Jane, now that we’ve begun.

“[And] now she’s dead, we’ve got to bury her.”

II. 【復連】【引：原因】 由于

Now that I had sat there a little while, I was cold again.

9. on the ground(s) that 由于

He wishes to resign on the ground that his health is failing.

He left on the grounds that he was ill.

10. seeing that 【多強調結果，少強調原因；that可省略】

Seeing (that) it’s raining hard tonight, we’ll have to stay here for the night. 

11. the rather(that)

李秀芹等主編的《大學英語關連詞用法精編》(天津大學出版社 1999年6月第1版) P176認為the rather(that) 屬于復合從屬連詞，可以引導原因狀語從句，相當于 for the reason that, because, 意思是“何況”，“因為”，例如：

I’ll not go now, the rather that it is too late.

11.復雜介詞+the fact that

On account of the fact that all the trains were delayed, the station was crowded with people.

We had to anchor in view of the fact the tide ran against us.

Owing to the fact that I had lost his address, I did not know where I could find him.

Because of the fact that they had made their reservation too late, they could not get on the plane they wanted.

In summer very few visitors travels in Africa due to the fact that the weather is extremely hot.

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